Entropy: (1) The former trouble with particle-tracking simulation, and (2) A measure of computational information penalty

Entropy: (1) The former trouble with particle-tracking simulation, and (2) A measure of computational information penalty
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熵:(1)粒子跟踪模拟的前一个麻烦,以及(2)计算信息损失的度量

DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103509
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Sole-Mari, Guillem
Sole-Mari, Guillem
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Benson, David A.;Pankavich, Stephen;Schmidt, Michael J.;Sole-Mari, Guillem

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传统的平流和分散的随机游走粒子跟踪 (PT) 模型不跟踪熵,因为粒子质量保持不变。然而,较新的传质粒子追踪(MTPT)模型有能力做到这一点,因为所有化合物的质量都可能沿着轨迹发生变化。此外,当构建一致的熵定义(或类似地,稀释指数)时,这些 MTPT 模型的概率质量函数 (PMF) 可以与具有概率密度函数的连续解进行比较。这个定义揭示了每个离散数值模型都会产生计算熵。与 Akaike (1974, 1992) 对大量可调整参数的熵惩罚类似,模型的计算复杂性(例如节点或粒子的数量)会增加熵,因此必须受到惩罚。新计算信息标准的应用表明,相对于计算复杂性的增加,准确性的提高并不总是合理的。 MTPT 方法可以使用基于粒子碰撞的内核或源自平滑粒子流体动力学 (SPH) 的自适应内核。后者更能代表局部良好混合的系统(即,色散张量同等地代表混合和溶质扩散的系统),而前者更好地代表混合与扩散的单独过程。我们使用计算手段来证明这些方法中的每一种都适用于模拟具有均匀系数的一维平流色散输运。
Traditional random-walk particle-tracking (PT) models of advection and dispersion do not track entropy, because particle masses remain constant. However, newer mass-transfer particle tracking (MTPT) models have the ability to do so because masses of all compounds may change along trajectories. Additionally, the probability mass functions (PMF) of these MTPT models may be compared to continuous solutions with probability density functions, when a consistent definition of entropy (or similarly, the dilution index) is constructed. This definition reveals that every discretized numerical model incurs a computational entropy. Similar to Akaike’s (1974, 1992) entropic penalty for larger numbers of adjustable parameters, the computational complexity of a model (e.g., number of nodes or particles) adds to the entropy and, as such, must be penalized. Application of a new computational information criterion reveals that increased accuracy is not always justified relative to increased computational complexity. The MTPT method can use a particle-collision based kernel or an adaptive kernel derived from smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The latter is more representative of a locally well-mixed system (i.e., one in which the dispersion tensor equally represents mixing and solute spreading), while the former better represents the separate processes of mixing versus spreading. We use computational means to demonstrate the fitness of each of these methods for simulating 1-D advective-dispersive transport with uniform coefficients.
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