Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease.
Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1155/2017/6031478
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Chandler D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borodovitsyna O;Flamini M;Chandler D
蓝斑释放的去甲肾上腺素通过作用于突触前和突触后受体，调节中枢神经系统的细胞过程和突触传递。该发射器系统有助于感觉信号的检测，并促进觉醒和唤醒，这是在复杂和动态的感觉环境中导航所必需的过程。除了对感觉加工和觉醒行为的影响外，去甲肾上腺素现在被认为对认知的各个方面都有贡献，包括注意力、行为灵活性、工作记忆和长期助记过程。两个密集的去甲肾上腺素能神经支配区域，前额叶皮质和海马体，对这些功能特别重要。由于它在调节正常认知功能方面的作用，有理由认为去甲肾上腺素的传递在一些以认知缺陷为特征的神经精神和神经退行性疾病中变得功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们总结了去甲肾上腺素在前额叶皮质和海马区功能中的独特作用，以及它与各种受体的相互作用如何影响认知行为。我们进一步评估了阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和精神分裂症中去甲肾上腺素系统发生的变化，以及这些变化如何导致这些病理中的认知下降。
Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre- and postsynaptic receptors. This transmitter system facilitates sensory signal detection and promotes waking and arousal, processes which are necessary for navigating a complex and dynamic sensory environment. In addition to its effects on sensory processing and waking behavior, norepinephrine is now recognized as a contributor to various aspects of cognition, including attention, behavioral flexibility, working memory, and long-term mnemonic processes. Two areas of dense noradrenergic innervation, the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, are particularly important with regard to these functions. Due to its role in mediating normal cognitive function, it is reasonable to expect that noradrenergic transmission becomes dysfunctional in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive deficits. In this review, we summarize the unique role that norepinephrine plays in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function and how its interaction with its various receptors contribute to cognitive behaviors. We further assess the changes that occur in the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia and how these changes contribute to cognitive decline in these pathologies.