What are the factors that contribute to road accidents? An assessment of law enforcement views, ordinary drivers' opinions, and road accident records
What are the factors that contribute to road accidents? An assessment of law enforcement views, ordinary drivers' opinions, and road accident records
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2018.02.025
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Feeney, Aidan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rolison, Jonathan J.;Regev, Shirley;Feeney, Aidan
造成交通事故的主要因素是什么？诸如缺乏经验、缺乏技能和冒险行为等因素与年轻司机的碰撞有关。相比之下，视觉，认知和移动性障碍与老年驾驶员的碰撞有关。我们调查了道路交通事故的主要原因，利用多个来源：警察的专家意见，驾驶公众的外行意见，以及官方的道路交通事故记录。在研究1和2中，使用假设的事故场景询问警察和公众关于道路交通碰撞的典型原因。在研究3中，我们调查了警察和公众对事故原因的看法是否影响他们对导致假设交通事故的因素的回忆准确性。结果表明，警察的专家意见和驾驶公众的外行意见密切接近的典型因素与碰撞的年轻人和老年人的司机，从官方事故记录确定。调查结果还揭示了现有事故记录中潜在的漏报因素，确定了调查驾驶员分心，药物和酒精损害以及未矫正或有缺陷的视力的执法实践中可能存在的不足。我们的调查还突出表明，需要不断审查和更新事故报告表，以确保促成因素清单反映导致道路事故的各种因素。最后，警察和公众对事故原因的看法影响了他们对假设情景中所涉及因素的记忆。这些研究结果显示，应尽量减少在填写意外报告表格方面的延误，或许可在意外现场使用移动的报告装置。
What are the main contributing factors to road accidents? Factors such as inexperience, lack of skill, and risk taking behaviors have been associated with the collisions of young drivers. In contrast, visual, cognitive, and mobility impairment have been associated with the collisions of older drivers. We investigated the main causes of road accidents by drawing on multiple sources: expert views of police officers, lay views of the driving public, and official road accident records. In Studies 1 and 2, police officers and the public were asked about the typical causes of road traffic collisions using hypothetical accident scenarios. In Study 3, we investigated whether the views of police officers and the public about accident causation influence their recall accuracy for factors reported to contribute to hypothetical road accidents. The results show that both expert views of police officers and lay views of the driving public closely approximated the typical factors associated with the collisions of young and older drivers, as determined from official accident records. The results also reveal potential under-reporting of factors in existing accident records, identifying possible inadequacies in law enforcement practices for investigating driver distraction, drug and alcohol impairment, and uncorrected or defective eyesight. Our investigation also highlights a need for accident report forms to be continuously reviewed and updated to ensure that contributing factor lists reflect the full range of factors that contribute to road accidents. Finally, the views held by police officers and the public on accident causation influenced their memory recall of factors involved in hypothetical scenarios. These findings indicate that delay in completing accident report forms should be minimised, possibly by use of mobile reporting devices at the accident scene.