3D tooth microwear texture analysis in fishes as a test of dietary hypotheses of durophagy
3D tooth microwear texture analysis in fishes as a test of dietary hypotheses of durophagy
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DOI：
10.1088/2051-672x/4/1/014006
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Darras, Laurent P. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Purnell, Mark A.;Darras, Laurent P. G.
对灭绝动物如何运作的理解，巩固了我们对过去进化事件的理解，包括适应性辐射，以及作为微观和宏观进化驱动因素的功能创新和适应的作用。然而，对灭绝动物功能的分析充满了困难。将鱼类的臼齿状牙齿解释为硬食性（粉碎壳）饮食的证据的假设，为功能形态学方法中固有的特殊问题提供了一个很好的例子。这是因为，除其他外，行为灵活性和结构与功能之间缺乏明确的一对一关系削弱了该方法所基于的形式和功能的假定紧密耦合。在这里，我们展示了表面纹理的ISO 25178-2标准参数，来源于对鱼类的磨牙状牙齿磨损表面的分析，在它们消耗的硬壳猎物数量不同的物种之间存在显着差异。对羊头海鲷的两个种群进行了研究。这种鱼不是饮食专家，已知其中一种鱼比另一种鱼消耗更多的植被和更少的硬壳猎物；这反映在它们的微磨损纹理的显著差异上。始齿鱼种群的微磨损与专门粉碎贝壳的Anarhichas lupus（大西洋狼鱼）有很大不同。对这三组鱼类的多变量分析进一步支持了饮食与牙齿微磨损之间的关系，并为该方法提供了强有力的验证。将从原石鱼和无骨鱼的微磨损纹理中获得的多元模型应用于第三种鱼类——青鳉鱼——成功地将吃硬壳猎物的野生捕捞鱼与不吃硬壳猎物的实验室养殖鱼区分开。这一跨分类群的验证表明，牙齿微磨损纹理的定量分析可以区分不同饮食的鱼类，即使它们在大小、栖息地和营养器官结构上存在很大差异。因此，该方法具有很大的潜力，可以作为对现存鱼类进行膳食分析的额外工具，并用于测试古代和灭绝物种的饮食假设。
An understanding of how extinct animals functioned underpins our understanding of past evolutionary events, including adaptive radiations, and the role of functional innovation and adaptation as drivers of both micro-and macroevolution. Yet analysis of function in extinct animals is fraught with difficulty. Hypotheses that interpret molariform teeth in fishes as evidence of durophagous (shell-crushing) diets provide a good example of the particular problems inherent in the methods of functional morphology. This is because the assumed close coupling of form and function upon which the approach is based is weakened by, among other things, behavioural flexibility and the absence of a clear one to one relationship between structures and functions. Here we show that ISO 25178-2 standard parameters for surface texture, derived from analysis of worn surfaces of molariform teeth of fishes, vary significantly between species that differ in the amount of hard-shelled prey they consume. Two populations of the Sheepshead Seabream (Archosargus probatocephalus) were studied. This fish is not a dietary specialist, and one of the populations is known to consume more vegetation and less hard-shelled prey than the other; this is reflected in significant differences in their microwear textures. The Archosargus populations differ significantly in their microwear from the specialist shell-crusher Anarhichas lupus (the Atlantic Wolffish). Multivariate analysis of these three groups of fishes lends further support to the relationship between diet and tooth microwear, and provides robust validation of the approach. Application of the multivariate models derived from microwear texture in Archosargus and Anarhichas to a third fish species-the cichlid Astatoreochromis alluaudi-successfully separates wild caught fish that ate hard-shelled prey from lab-raised fish that did not. This cross-taxon validation demonstrates that quantitative analysis of tooth microwear texture can differentiate between fishes with different diets even when they range widely in size, habitat, and in the structure of their trophic apparatus. The approach thus has great potential as an additional tool for dietary analysis in extant fishes, and for testing dietary hypotheses in ancient and extinct species.