Exosome RNA Sequencing as a Tool in the Search for Cancer Biomarkers.
Exosome RNA Sequencing as a Tool in the Search for Cancer Biomarkers.
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DOI：
10.3390/ncrna8060075
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发表时间：
2022-11-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Beljanski V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elkommos-Zakhary M;Rajesh N;Beljanski V
目前，许多非侵入性方法被用于确定癌症等疾病的生物标志物。然而，这些方法并不总是精确和可靠的。因此，对于更好的诊断和预后生物标志物存在未满足的需求，所述生物标志物将用于在疾病的早期、更可治疗的阶段诊断癌症。外泌体是由大多数细胞释放的内吞来源的细胞外囊泡。外泌体含有核酸、蛋白质、生长因子和细胞因子，并通过在生物流体中的循环将其从其亲本细胞转运到周围或甚至远处的细胞。外泌体已经吸引了研究人员的兴趣，因为最近的数据表明，外泌体含量可以指示疾病阶段，并且可以通过外泌体介导的细胞外通讯促进疾病进展。因此，正在研究这些囊泡的内容物作为疾病诊断和预后的可能生物标志物。随着分离和分析方法（如RNA测序）的进步，外泌体及其内容物在疾病发展中的功能越来越清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前的进展和挑战外泌体内容分析，重点是可以使用RNA测序产生的信息。我们还讨论了如何使用外泌体的RNA测序来发现新的生物标志物，用于使用特定的microRNA检测各种癌症的不同阶段，这些microRNA被发现在健康对照和癌症诊断受试者之间差异表达。
Numerous noninvasive methods are currently being used to determine biomarkers for diseases such as cancer. However, these methods are not always precise and reliable. Thus, there is an unmet need for better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that will be used to diagnose cancer in early, more treatable stages of the disease. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by the majority of cells. Exosomes contain and transport nucleic acids, proteins, growth factors, and cytokines from their parent cells to surrounding or even distant cells via circulation in biofluids. Exosomes have attracted the interest of researchers, as recent data indicate that exosome content may be indicative of disease stages and may contribute to disease progression via exosome-mediated extracellular communication. Therefore, the contents of these vesicles are being investigated as possible biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The functions of exosomes and their contents in disease development are becoming clearer as isolation and analytical methods, such as RNA sequencing, advance. In this review, we discuss current advances and challenges in exosomal content analyses with emphasis on information that can be generated using RNA sequencing. We also discuss how the RNA sequencing of exosomes may be used to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of different stages for various cancers using specific microRNAs that were found to be differentially expressed between healthy controls and cancer-diagnosed subjects.