Multispectral absorption algorithm for retrieving TSS concentrations in water
Multispectral absorption algorithm for retrieving TSS concentrations in water
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DOI：
10.1109/igarss.2007.4423437
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发表时间：
2007-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. G. Daraigan;S. A. Hashim;M. Jafri;K. Abdullah;W. C. Jeng;N. M. Saleh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. G. Daraigan;S. A. Hashim;M. Jafri;K. Abdullah;W. C. Jeng;N. M. Saleh
由于污染物的增加而引起的环境问题。这是工业废物和环境事故的结果。水污染的主要来源之一是悬浮固体。当这些悬浮颗粒沉降到水体底部时，它们就变成了沉积物。光学方法提供两种可能性：散射和透射。光学传感器系统的设计基于电磁辐射的光子与水中悬浮颗粒之间的相互作用。污染通常导致较高的总悬浮固体（TSS）浓度或浊度。水污染是由水质的任何化学、物理或生物变化引起的。悬浮固体是漂浮在沃茨表面或悬浮在水体中的固体污染物的小颗粒。水污染问题在当今已变得越来越严重，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家。水中的总悬浮固体（TSS）可以通过许多光学传感技术来检测，这些技术涉及光与水中悬浮颗粒的相互作用。透射率的测量给出了确定颗粒浓度的方法。本研究的目的是推导多光谱吸收算法，并开发一个光学系统，这是基于吸收测量测量的总悬浮固体，TSS在水中的浓度。提出了一种多光谱吸收算法，并设计了一种新的多光谱光学传感器系统，用于测量污染水体中的悬浮物浓度。光学算法的发展是基于比尔-朗伯定律。首先，将用于校准的水样过滤并干燥以获得TSS值。在这项研究中，三个发光二极管被用来作为敏感发射器（源）和硅光电晶体管作为辐射检测器。根据传感器系统的输出电压读数确定辐射值。设计了一种电子线路，并使用数字示波器测量读数。使用LED作为光源的主要优点是其相对较低的功耗和以快速速率进行电子调制的能力。制备标准污染样品用于传感器校准。随着总悬浮物P浓度的增加，透射光强度降低。光电流的大小与污染物浓度呈线性关系。提出的多光谱算法校准使用的测量参数。根据相关系数R和均方根误差RMSE值确定其准确度。结果表明，辐射值和总悬浮物浓度之间有很好的相关性。该光学系统提供了优于当前使用单个红外源的便携式浊度计的各种优点。其主要优点是能够准确地提供水污染水平（即总悬浮固体浓度）。它只需要廉价的组件，并且可以很容易地组装。该算法具有较高的相关系数和较低的均方根误差。这一新方法对污染水域TSS的监测具有重要意义。
The environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant. It is the result of industrial waste and environmental accidents. One of the main sources of water pollution is suspended solids. When these suspended particles settle to the bottom of a water body, they become sediments. Optical methods offer two possibilities: scattering and transmission. The design of optical sensor systems is based on the interaction between the photons of the electromagnetic radiation and suspended particles in water. Pollution usually results in higher total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations or turbidity. Water pollution is caused by any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water. Suspended solids are small particles of solid pollutants that float on the surface of, or are suspended in waters. Water pollution has become increasingly critical in this present-day, whether in the developed or the developing countries. Total suspended solids (TSS) in water can be detected by a number of optical sensing techniques, which involve light interaction with suspended particles in water. The measurements of the transmittance give a method for determining the concentration of the particles. The objectives of this study are to derive multispectral absorption algorithm and to develop an optical system, which is based on absorption measurements for measuring the concentration of total suspended solids,TSS in water. The multispectral absorption algorithm has been developed and a new multispectral optical sensor system designed for measuring total suspended solids TSS concentrations in polluted water. The development of the optical algorithm was based on the Beer-Lambert law. Firstly, the water samples used for calibration were filtered and dried to obtain the TSS values. In this study, three light emitting diodes were used as sensing emitters (sources) and a silicon phototransistor as radiations detector. The radiation values were determined from the output voltage readings of the sensor system. An electronic circuit was designed and the readings were measured by using a digital multimeter. The major advantages in using an LED as the light sources are its relatively low power consumption and ability to be modulated electronically at rapid rates. Standard polluted samples were prepared for sensors calibration. As the concentration of total suspended solids P was increased, the intensity of the transmitted light decreased. The level of the photocurrent was linearly proportional to the pollutants concentration. The proposed multispectral algorithm was calibrated using the measured parameters. Its accuracy was determined based on correlation coefficient,R and the value of the root-mean square errors,RMSE. The results showed a good correlation between the radiation values and the total suspended solids concentrations. This optical system provides various advantages over the current portable turbidity meter, which uses a single infrared source. The main advantage is its capability provide water pollution levels accurately (i.e. total suspended solids concentration). It only requires inexpensive components and can be assembled easily. The proposed algorithm produced a high correlation coefficient and low root mean square error value. This new methodology is very important for measuring and monitoring TSS in polluted water areas.