Bone lead levels in adjudicated delinquents - A case control study
Bone lead levels in adjudicated delinquents - A case control study
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DOI：
10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00269-6
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Tobin, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Needleman, HL;McFarland, C;Tobin, MJ
背景：铅暴露与不良行为有许多共同的危险因素，骨铅水平与不良行为的自我报告有关。没有数据表明被捕的犯罪者铅暴露量是否更高。本研究的目的是评估骨铅水平反映的铅暴露与判定的违法行为之间的关联。研究方法：这是一项病例对照研究，194名年龄在12-18岁的青少年，被宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼县少年法庭逮捕并判定为犯罪，146名来自匹兹堡市高中的非犯罪对照。骨铅测定采用X射线荧光光谱法。Logistic回归分析被用来建立青少年犯罪状况与骨铅浓度之间的关系模型。进入模型的协变量是种族，父母的教育和职业，两个父母在家里的存在，在家里的孩子和邻里犯罪率的数量。在种族分层后，还进行了单独的回归分析。结果：病例组骨骼中铅的平均浓度显著高于对照组（11.0 +/- 32.7 vs. 1.5 +/- 32.1 ppm）。白人和非裔美国人都是如此。铅水平大于或等于25与< 25 ppm的未校正比值比为1.9（95% CL：1.1-3.2）。在调整协变量和相互作用并去除无影响的协变量后，判定的违法者骨铅浓度> 25 ppm的可能性是对照组的四倍（OR = 4.0，95% CL：1.4-11.1）。结论：通过骨铅浓度测量的身体铅负荷升高与裁定的犯罪风险升高相关。(C)2002年爱思唯尔科技有限公司All rights reserved.
Background: Lead exposure shares many risk factors with delinquent behavior, and bone lead levels are related to self-reports of delinquent acts. No data exist as to whether lead exposure is higher in arrested delinquents. The goal of this study is to evaluate the association between lead exposure, as reflected in bone lead levels, and adjudicated delinquency. Methods: This is a case-control study of 194 youths aged 12-18, arrested and adjudicated as delinquent by the Juvenile Court of Allegheny County, PA and 146 nondelinquent controls from high schools in the city of Pittsburgh. Bone lead was measured by K-line X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy of tibia. Logistic regression was used to model the association between delinquent status and bone lead concentration. Covariates entered into the model were race, parent education and occupation, presence of two parental figures in the home, number of children in the home and neighborhood crime rate. Separate regression analyses were also conducted after stratification on race. Results: Cases had significantly higher mean concentrations of lead in their bones than controls (11.0 +/- 32.7 vs. 1.5 +/- 32.1 ppm). This was true for both Whites and African Americans. The unadjusted odds ratio for a lead level greater than or equal to 25 vs. < 25 ppm was 1.9 (95% CL: 1.1-3.2). After adjustment for covariates and interactions and removal of noninfluential covariates, adjudicated delinquents were four times more likely to have bone lead concentrations > 25 ppm than controls (OR = 4.0, 95% CL: 1.4-11.1). Conclusion: Elevated body lead burdens, measured by bone lead concentrations, are associated with elevated risk for adjudicated delinquency. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.