A Formal Theory of the Rule of Law
A Formal Theory of the Rule of Law
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法治的形式理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Summers
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作者：
R. Summers
自1215年以来，在英格兰，以及在随后的几个世纪里，在英格兰影响的大多数国家，我们或多或少地目睹了法治政府的持续进步。英格兰自己最早的重大进步是约翰国王在1215年6月默许了《大宪章》。[1] 1225年对这部伟大的宪章进行了最后的修订，1297年由爱德华一世确认，并被列入第一部或“伟大”的英国法规卷。它的一个原始条款（第39章）抓住了相对正式的法治理论的一个主要特征，我在这里将其概念化并加以论证：
任何自由人都不得被扣押或监禁，或剥夺他的权利或财产，或取缔或流放，或以任何其他方式剥夺他的地位，我们也不会对他采取武力，或派其他人这样做，除非通过他的平等者的合法判决或土地的法律。
Since 1215 in England, and in ensuing centuries in most of the countries that England has influenced, we have witnessed more or less continuous progress toward government under the rule of law. England’s own earliest major advance was King John’s acquiescence in the Magna Carta in June of 1215. 1 The final revision of this great charter occurred in 1225, and it was confirmed in 1297 by Edward I and placed on the first or ’great’ roll of English statutes. One of its original clauses (ch. 39) captures a major feature of the relatively formal theory of the rule of law that I conceptualize and argue for here:
No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.2