Public Value Mapping and Science Policy Evaluation
Public Value Mapping and Science Policy Evaluation
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DOI：
10.1007/s11024-011-9161-7
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sarewitz, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bozeman, Barry;Sarewitz, Daniel
在这里，我们提出了一种评估研究项目实现社会目标能力的新方法框架。研究评价在解决科学和经济影响问题方面取得了巨大进展。然而，它在很大程度上避免了一个更重要的挑战：评估（前瞻性或回顾性的）特定研究努力对非科学、非经济目标的影响——我们在这里称之为“公共价值”，这通常是这项努力的核心公共理由。研究项目通常以其实现公共价值的能力为依据，而公共价值的表述在科学决策中普遍存在。我们概述了一种基于案例的科学政策“公共价值映射”方法的要素，特别侧重于开发评估“公共价值失败”的有用标准和方法，目的是提供一种替代在科学决策中如此强大的“市场失败”思维的方法。只要研究评估回避公共价值问题，科学政策决策者就很难得到社会科学的帮助，从而在通往理想社会结果的竞争路径中做出选择。
Here we present the framework of a new approach to assessing the capacity of research programs to achieve social goals. Research evaluation has made great strides in addressing questions of scientific and economic impacts. It has largely avoided, however, a more important challenge: assessing (prospectively or retrospectively) the impacts of a given research endeavor on the non-scientific, non-economic goals-what we here term "public values"aEuro"that often are the core public rationale for the endeavor. Research programs are typically justified in terms of their capacity to achieve public values, and that articulation of public values is pervasive in science policy-making. We outline the elements of a case-based approach to "public value mapping" of science policy, with a particular focus on developing useful criteria and methods for assessing "public value failure," with an intent to provide an alternative to "market failure" thinking that has been so powerful in science policy-making. So long as research evaluation avoids the problem of public values, science policy decision makers will have little help from social science in making choices among competing paths to desired social outcomes.