An analysis of flight Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data and its applications in preventing landing incidents
An analysis of flight Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data and its applications in preventing landing incidents
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ress.2014.03.013
复制
发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lei Wang;Changxu Wu;Ruishan Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lei Wang;Changxu Wu;Ruishan Sun
长时间着陆是一种飞行事故，会增加偏离跑道的风险。这种现象经常发生，但由于难以获得真实的飞行数据，在研究中很少受到关注。本文的目的是通过分析快速访问记录器（QAR）数据发现长距离着陆事件的关键飞行参数特征，同时从飞行员操作的角度提出预防措施。首先，定义了 73 个飞行性能参数变量和 4 个操作参数变量，涵盖从 1500 英尺到接地的主要着陆阶段。然后将选取的128例QAR数据根据识别正常着陆和长时间着陆的阈值分为两组。其次，对这 128 次飞行的每个飞行参数变量进行组间比较，然后分别建立逻辑回归模型和线性回归模型，以进一步检查着陆距离与这些飞行参数变量之间的联系。第三，还分析了潜在的飞行操作导致长着陆事件性能差异的情况。最终结果表明，距离着陆200英尺期间是着陆的关键阶段，拉平是影响着陆距离最关键的操作。建议飞行员在 50 英尺的高度仔细检查下降率和地速的比率，飞行员更快、更稳定地拉起立柱可能有助于良好的拉平和着陆。研究结果有望应用到飞行运行实践中，进一步防止长时间着陆甚至冲出跑道事故。
A long landing is one type of flight incident that will multiply the risk of a runway excursion. It occurs frequently but receives little attention in research due to difficulty in obtaining the real flight data. The aim of this paper is to discover key flight parameter features of long landing incidents by analyzing Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data and put forward prevention measures from the perspective of pilot operation at the same time. First, 73 flight performance parameter variables and 4 operation parameter variables were defined, covering major landing stages from 1500 ft to touchdown. Then 128 cases of selected QAR data were divided into two groups according to the threshold of identifying normal and long landing. Second, each flight parameter variable of these 128 flights was compared between groups and then the logistic and linear regression models were developed respectively to further examine the links between touchdown distance and these flight parameter variables. Third, potential flight operation causing performance difference of long landing incidents was also analyzed. Finally results indicate that the period of 200 ft to touchdown is the key stage of landing and flare is the most critical operation affecting touchdown distance. It is suggested that the pilot should inspect the ratio of descent rate and groundspeed carefully at the height of 50 ft and pilot׳s faster and steady pulling up columns is probably helpful for an excellent flare and landing. The findings are expected to be applied into flight operation practice for further preventing long landing incidents and even the runway excursion accidents.