Doctoral training of African scientists
Doctoral training of African scientists
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.127
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发表时间：
1998-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Krogstad, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doumbo, OK;Krogstad, DJ
对非洲卫生科学家进行博士培训有两个主要理由：1）这些科学家对撒哈拉以南非洲国家确定和实施自己的卫生优先事项至关重要，2）他们进行的研究对发展至关重要。然而，这种培训是困难的，因为它的费用（每年超过20 000美元），因为许多发达国家的导师不了解撒哈拉以南非洲的研究现实，而且因为薪金的巨大差异在经济上抑制了返回。我们描述了一个培训策略，减少自然减员，因为它是链接到调查员的责任之前和之后的培训，并母国的优先事项。该战略需要发展中国家（现场）和发达国家（场外）导师之间建立密切关系，共同参与选拔和资助过程，然后进行课程工作和短期、独立的场外项目，最终在发展中国家完成论文项目，并在完成博士学位后在发展中国家获得指定的专业职位。为使这一战略取得成功，发达国家的导师必须具备实地经验和调查专长;发展中国家的导师必须了解现代生物学以及临床和流行病学经验。此外，我们要强调的是，长期留住这些有才华、受过良好训练的人，需要他们的发达国家导师作出类似的长期承诺，远远超出大多数研究资金的短期承诺。
There are two principal rationales for doctoral training of African scientists in health: 1) these scientists are essential for the nations of sub-Saharan Africa to define and implement their own health priorities, and 2) the research they perform is essential for development. However, this training is difficult because of its expense (> $20,000 per year), because many developed country mentors are unaware of the realities of research in sub-Saharan Africa, and because major differences in salary provide a financial disincentive to return. We describe a training strategy that reduces attrition because it is linked to the investigators' responsibilities before and after training, and to home country priorities. This strategy requires a close relationship between the developing country (on-site) and developed country (off-site) mentors, with joint participation in the selection and funding process, followed by course work and short-term, independent projects off-site that lead to a thesis project in the developing country, and subsequently to a defined professional position in the developing country after completion of the doctoral degree. For this strategy to succeed, the developed country mentor must have both field experience and investigative expertise; the developing country mentor must have an understanding of modern biology, as well as clinical and epidemiologic experience. In addition, we would Like to emphasize that the long-term retention of these talented, highly-trained individuals requires a similar long-term commitment by their developed country mentors, well beyond the short term of most research funding.