New findings of unique preserved fossil mammals in the permafrost of Yakutia
New findings of unique preserved fossil mammals in the permafrost of Yakutia
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雅库特永久冻土层中独特保存的哺乳动物化石的新发现
DOI：
10.1134/s0012496613050116
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Tikhonov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Boeskorov;A. Protopopov;E. N. Mashchenko;O. Potapova;T. Kuznetsova;V. Plotnikov;S. E. Grigoryev;I. N. Belolyubskii;M. Tomshin;M. Shchelchkova;S. D. Kolesov;I. V. D. Plicht;A. Tikhonov
291 永久冻土中保存着具有特殊科学价值的哺乳动物骨骼遗骸和冰冻尸体。在雅库特北极地区、耶多马套冰沉积物扩散的地区发现了大量此类遗迹。迄今为止，已发现超过 15 具冰冻尸体，包括猛犸象、披毛犀、马、野牛和狼獾 [1-7]。对保存在冻土中的更新世哺乳动物木乃伊的研究提供了许多新的信息，这些信息是通过对常见古生物物体的骨遗骸的研究而无法获得的。在过去的 20 年中，木乃伊的微生物学、分子遗传学和同位素研究极大地扩展了我们对更新世和全新世哺乳动物的古生态和古地理的了解 [2,3,5,8]。 2010 年至 2011 年，在雅库特发现了三件新的、独特的哺乳动物冰冻尸体化石（图 1）。 2009 年夏天，在康德拉耶夫河口（北纬 72°42´16″，东经 142°50´15″）以西 30 公里的德米特里·拉普捷夫海峡（Oiyagosskii 陡岸）南岸发现了猛犸象（Mamm muthus primigenius Blumenbach，1799）尸体的一部分（图 2）。这具猛犸尸体的碎片是尤卡吉尔社区的市政财产。其藏品编号为 OYu nos。 1–1/13：尸体碎片，OYu 号。 1、头骨，OYu号。 1/1，下颌，OYu 号。 1/2，第一颅椎，OYu 号。 1/3，左右肩胛骨，OYu no。 1/4，骨盆在解剖学上连接骶骨，第四腰椎，第一至第三尾椎，OYu no。 1/5。骨骼右侧的八根肋骨，头部已折断，大约是第 10 至第 17 根，是 OYu 号。 1/6–1/13。 2010 年 7 月，在 Oiyagosskii 陡岸的同一地区发现了马 (Equus sp.) 尸体的一部分（图 3）。藏品编号为 OYu 号。 2. 2010 年 8 月，在猛犸象和马发现地西南约 100 公里处的楚克恰拉赫湖西北岸发现了一具原始野牛（Bison priscus Bojaa nus，1827）的尸体（图 4）。藏品编号为 OYu 号。 3. 所有三件发现物均由 Yukk aghir 部落社区（雅库特 Yukaghir 村）成员发现，并以其专有名称命名。目前，这些尸体仍然……
291 Skeletal remains and frozen corpses of fossil mamm mals, having special scientific value, are preserved in the permafrost. A considerable amount of such remains has been found in the Arctic zone of Yakutia, in regions of spreading ice sediments of the Yedoma suite. To date, more than 15 frozen corpses, including mammoths, wooly rhinoceroses, horses, bison, and a wolverine, have been found [1–7]. The study of mumm mies of the Pleistocene mammals preserved in the perr mafrost gives much new information unavailable from the study of osseous remains of common paleontologg ical objects. Over the past 20 years, microbiological, molecular genetic, and isotope studies of mummies have largely expanded our knowledge of the paleoo ecology and paleogeography of the Pleistocene and Holocene mammals [2, 3, 5, 8]. Three new and unique findings of frozen corpses of fossil mammals were discovered in 2010–2011 in Yakutia (Fig. 1). A part of a woolly mammoth (Mamm muthus primigenius Blumenbach, 1799) corpse was found in summer of 2009 on the southern bank of the Dmitrii Laptev Strait (the Oiyagosskii steep bank) 30 km west of the Kondrat'yev River mouth (72°42´16″ N, 142°50´15″ E) (Fig. 2). A fragment of this mammoth corpse is an object of the municipal property of the Yukaghir community. Its collection numbers are OYu nos. 1–1/13: a corpse fragment, OYu no. 1, a skull, OYu no. 1/1, the lower jaw, OYu no. 1/2, the first cranial vertebra, OYu no. 1/3, the right and left scapulae, OYu no. 1/4, the pelvis in anatomical conn nection to sacrum, the fourth lumbar vertebra, and the first to third tail vertebrae, OYu no. 1/5. Eight ribs from the right side of the skeleton with broken heads, approximately the 10th to 17th ones, are OYu nos. 1/6–1/13. A part of the horse (Equus sp.) corpse was found in July 2010 in the same area of the Oiyagosskii steep bank (Fig. 3). The collection number is OYu no. 2. A corpse of the primeval bison (Bison priscus Bojaa nus, 1827) was found in August 2010 on the northwestt ern bank of Lake Chukchalakh, approximately 100 km southwest of the place of finding of the mammoth and horse (Fig. 4). The collection number is OYu no. 3. All the three findings were found by members of the Yukk aghir tribal community (the Yukaghir village, Yakutia) and given their proper names after it. At present, these corpse remains …