Carbonyls and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes Affected by Device Type and Use Patterns
Carbonyls and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes Affected by Device Type and Use Patterns
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17082767
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Khlystov, Andrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Son, Yeongkwon;Bhattarai, Chiranjivi;Khlystov, Andrey
几项研究报告了电子烟（电子烟）气雾剂中有害化学物质的危险水平，但电子烟设计和使用模式的可变性以及JUUL等新设备的快速发展阻碍了制定标准化测试协议和了解与电子烟使用相关的健康风险的努力。在这项研究中，我们调查了电子烟设计、功率输出、液体成分、雾化地形对电子烟羰基化合物、一氧化碳（CO）和尼古丁排放的相对重要性。四种流行的电子烟设备代表了最常见的电子烟类型（例如，ciga -like, top-coil，“mod”和“pod”）。在测试的电子烟条件下，顶部线圈装置产生的甲醛和一氧化碳含量最高。与其他测试的电子烟相比，“豆荚”型装置（即JUUL）释放的尼古丁含量最高，同时产生的羰基和一氧化碳含量最低。排放随喷烟持续时间的增加几乎呈线性增加，而喷烟流量的影响相对较小。调味电子烟油比无味电子烟油产生更多的羰基和一氧化碳。电子烟气雾剂中的羰基浓度与CO有很好的相关性。虽然电子烟排放的二氧化碳和羰基通常比传统香烟少，但每天使用电子烟所产生的羰基暴露仍可能超过急性暴露极限，顶部线圈装置可能比传统香烟造成更大的危害。
Dangerous levels of harmful chemicals in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols were reported by several studies, but variability in e-cigarette design and use patterns, and a rapid development of new devices, such as JUUL, hamper efforts to develop standardized testing protocols and understand health risks associated with e-cigarette use. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of e-cigarette design, power output, liquid composition, puff topography on e-cigarette emissions of carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine. Four popular e-cigarette devices representing the most common e-cigarette types (e.g., cig-a-like, top-coil, 'mod', and 'pod') were tested. Under the tested vaping conditions, a top-coil device generated the highest amounts of formaldehyde and CO. A 'pod' type device (i.e., JUUL) emitted the highest amounts of nicotine, while generating the lowest levels of carbonyl and CO as compared to other tested e-cigarettes. Emissions increased nearly linearly with puff duration, while puff flow had a relatively small effect. Flavored e-liquids generated more carbonyls and CO than unflavored liquids. Carbonyl concentrations and CO in e-cigarette aerosols were found to be well correlated. While e-cigarettes emitted generally less CO and carbonyls than conventional cigarettes, daily carbonyl exposures from e-cigarette use could still exceed acute exposure limits, with the top-coil device potentially posing more harm than conventional cigarettes.