Condom promotion for AIDS prevention in the developing world: Is it working?
Condom promotion for AIDS prevention in the developing world: Is it working?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1728-4465.2004.00004.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Chen, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hearst, N;Chen, S
20年的经验和研究为发展中国家避孕套在预防艾滋病方面的作用提供了新的见解。本文献综述和综合是基于计算机检索的科学文献和审查会议报告，出版物的国家和国际组织，以及大众媒体。避孕药对预防艾滋病毒传播的有效性约为90%，在许多国家，避孕药的使用迅速增长。在泰国等国家，避孕套的传播和推广都集中在商业性行为领域，因此避孕套在这些国家产生了巨大的效益。然而，在异性性传播广泛的环境中推广安全套的公共卫生效益仍然没有确定。在像乌干达这样已经遏制了普遍流行病的国家，减少个人性伴侣的数量似乎比推广使用避孕套更重要。其他国家尽管据报性活跃人群中避孕套使用率很高，但艾滋病毒传播率仍然很高。避孕套的影响可能会受到以下因素的限制：不一致的使用、高危人群中的低使用率以及与其他策略的负面相互作用。建议包括加大对高风险群体的避孕套推广力度，更严格地衡量避孕套推广的影响，以及对如何最好地将避孕套推广与其他预防策略结合起来进行更多研究。
Two decades of experience and research provide new insights into the role of condoms for AIDS prevention in the developing world. This literature review and synthesis is based on computerized searches of the scientific literature and review of conference presentations, publications of national and international organizations, and popular media. Condoms are about 90 percent effective for preventing HIV transmission, and their use has grown rapidly in many countries. Condoms have produced substantial benefit in countries like Thailand, where both transmission and condom promotion are concentrated in the area of commercial sex. The public health benefit of condom promotion in settings with widespread heterosexual transmission, however, remains unestablished. In countries like Uganda that have curbed generalized epidemics, reducing the number of individuals' sex partners appears to have been more important than promoting the use of condoms. Other countries continue to have high rates of HIV transmission despite high reported rates of condom use among the sexually active. The impact of condoms may be limited by inconsistent use, low use among those at highest risk, and negative interactions with other strategies. Recommendations include increased condom promotion for groups at high risk, more rigorous measurement of the impact of condom promotion, and more research on how best to integrate condom promotion with other prevention strategies.