The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: an idealized representation of solar geoengineering
The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: an idealized representation of solar geoengineering
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-18-13097-2018
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
B. Kravitz;P. Rasch;Hailong Wang;A. Robock;C. Gabriel;O. Boucher;J. Cole;J. Haywood;D. Ji;Andy Jones;A. Lenton;J. Moore;H. Muri;U. Niemeier;S. Phipps;H. Schmidt;S. Watanabe;Shuting Yang;Jinho Yoon
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作者：
B. Kravitz;P. Rasch;Hailong Wang;A. Robock;C. Gabriel;O. Boucher;J. Cole;J. Haywood;D. Ji;Andy Jones;A. Lenton;J. Moore;H. Muri;U. Niemeier;S. Phipps;H. Schmidt;S. Watanabe;Shuting Yang;Jinho Yoon
抽象的。地球工程或气候干预描述了故意改变气候系统以抵消人为气候变化的方法。作为海洋近地表太阳地球工程的理想化代表，如海洋云增亮，本文讨论了地球工程模型相互比较项目（GeoMIP）的实验G1海洋辐射，包括突然四倍的CO2浓度和海洋辐射的瞬时增加，以维持近似的净大气层顶辐射通量平衡。共有11个地球系统模式在温度、辐射通量和水文循环方面对本实验的响应相对一致。由于强加的强迫，陆地表面的空气变暖了1.14 K的模型平均值，而大部分海洋的空气冷却了。由于陆地向海洋的热量输送，海洋上空的部分近地面气温变暖。这些变化通常在几年内消失，表明海洋热含量的变化在海洋变暖中至多起很小的作用。水文循环响应总体上是减缓的，响应具有高度异质性，特别是在热带地区。虽然理想化，这些结果有重要意义的海洋云增亮，或其他方法的地球工程涉及空间异质强迫，或其他一般强迫与强大的陆地海洋对比。它还强化了之前的发现，即保持大气层顶部净辐射通量恒定不足以防止全球平均温度的变化。
Abstract. Geoengineering, or climate intervention, describes methods of deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. As an idealized representation of near-surface solar geoengineering over the ocean, such as marine cloud brightening, this paper discusses experiment G1ocean-albedo of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), involving an abrupt quadrupling of the CO2 concentration and an instantaneous increase in ocean albedo to maintain approximate net top-of-atmosphere radiative flux balance. A total of 11 Earth system models are relatively consistent in their temperature, radiative flux, and hydrological cycle responses to this experiment. Due to the imposed forcing, air over the land surface warms by a model average of 1.14 K, while air over most of the ocean cools. Some parts of the near-surface air temperature over ocean warm due to heat transport from land to ocean. These changes generally resolve within a few years, indicating that changes in ocean heat content play at most a small role in the warming over the oceans. The hydrological cycle response is a general slowing down, with high heterogeneity in the response, particularly in the tropics. While idealized, these results have important implications for marine cloud brightening, or other methods of geoengineering involving spatially heterogeneous forcing, or other general forcings with a strong land–ocean contrast. It also reinforces previous findings that keeping top-of-atmosphere net radiative flux constant is not sufficient for preventing changes in global mean temperature.