The carrot, not the stick:: appetitive rather than aversive gustatory stimuli support associative olfactory learning in individually assayed Drosophila larvae
The carrot, not the stick:: appetitive rather than aversive gustatory stimuli support associative olfactory learning in individually assayed Drosophila larvae
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DOI：
10.1007/s00359-004-0574-8
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gerber, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendel, T;Michels, B;Gerber, B
学习能力在动物中是普遍存在的；我们研究了果蝇幼虫的气味和“味觉”之间的关联学习。由于糖、盐或苦味物质等具有重要生物学意义的味觉刺激具有多种行为功能，我们不仅研究了它们的增强功能，而且还研究了它们的反应调节和反应释放功能。在反应释放功能方面，果糖对幼虫有引诱作用，氯化钠和奎宁对幼虫有驱避作用；果糖增加，食盐和奎宁抑制取食。然而，这些刺激都不会对嗅觉选择行为产生非联想的调节作用。最后，只有果糖，而不是盐和奎宁在联合嗅觉学习中都没有增强作用。这意味着这些品尝者的反应释放、反应调节和增强功能在行为水平上是分离的。这些结果为分析这种解离是如何在细胞和分子水平上产生的打开了大门；这应该是由果蝇幼虫的细胞简单性和遗传可及性促进的。
The ability to learn is universal among animals; we investigate associative learning between odors and "tastants'' in larval Drosophila melanogaster. As biologically important gustatory stimuli, like sugars, salts, or bitter substances have many behavioral functions, we investigate not only their reinforcing function, but also their response-modulating and response-releasing function. Concerning the response-releasing function, larvae are attracted by fructose and repelled by sodium chloride and quinine; also, fructose increases, but salt and quinine suppress feeding. However, none of these stimuli has a nonassociative, modulatory effect on olfactory choice behavior. Finally, only fructose but neither salt nor quinine has a reinforcing effect in associative olfactory learning. This implies that the response-releasing, response-modulating and reinforcing functions of these tastants are dissociated on the behavioral level. These results open the door to analyze how this dissociation is brought about on the cellular and molecular level; this should be facilitated by the cellular simplicity and genetic accessibility of the Drosophila larva.