Transitions to freshwater sustainability
Transitions to freshwater sustainability
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1808893115
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发表时间：
2018-09-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gleick, Peter H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gleick, Peter H.
自然资源技术、机构和管理方法的根本性转变往往难以在实际变化之前或之中看到。在世界各地日益严重的水危机的推动下，淡水资源似乎正在发生这样的转变。这些挑战包括：供需之间的不匹配;人类对水和卫生的基本需求仍然得不到满足;由于从自然系统中取水和人为造成的气候变化而导致的生态退化不断扩大;开发新的用水、处理、监测和报告用水情况的技术;新的概念工作;以及公众和科学界对水问题的日益关注。能源和气候领域似乎也在发生类似的转变，对水资源产生了额外的影响。为了使这种转型取得成功，重要的是要了解是什么推动了对自然资源的认识、管理和使用的深刻变化;鼓励或阻碍变化的因素;以及是否可以制定战略来改善和加速这些变化，从而实现社会、经济和环境可持续性目标。本文讨论了淡水资源或环境转型的概念;回顾了识别和分析转型的理论、数据和框架;提供了一些例子;并确定了帮助管理有效和成功转型的关键政策。
Fundamental transitions in natural resources technologies, institutions, and management approaches are often difficult to see in advance, or even in the midst, of actual changes. Such a transformation now appears to be underway for freshwater resources, driven by increasingly severe water-related crises around the world. These include mismatches between supply and demand; the continued failure to meet basic human needs for water and sanitation; expanding ecological degradation due to extraction of water from natural systems and human-caused climate changes; the development of new technologies for using, treating, monitoring, and reporting on water use; new conceptual work; and growing attention given to water issues by the public and scientific communities. Similar transitions, with additional implications for water, also appear to be underway in the energy and climate fields. For such transitions to be successful, it is important to understand what drives deep changes in the perceptions, management, and use of natural resources; the factors that encourage or discourage changes; and whether strategies can be developed to improve and accelerate those changes that lead to social, economic, and environmental sustainability goals. This paper addresses the concept of resource or environmental transitions in the context of freshwater; reviews theories, data, and frameworks for identifying and analyzing transitions; offers some examples; and identifies key policies to help manage effective and successful transitions.