Assessments of crop losses in rice ecosystems due to stem borer damage (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Assessments of crop losses in rice ecosystems due to stem borer damage (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cropro.2005.06.007
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Pasalu, IC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muralidharan, K;Pasalu, IC
利用1965年至1992年在全印度协调水稻改良项目下进行的杀虫剂控制实验建立的数据库，得出了茎螟虫造成的产量损失的经验估计。在灌溉生态系统中，每单位百分比的白穗损害对水稻产量的影响要比死心损害大得多。白耳头损伤发生在季节后期，导致直接损失屈服颗粒，因此，没有补偿（或很少）是可能的。死心病和白穗病两个阶段对水稻的产量损失大于添加剂。基于28年770个实验单位的数据，我们对水稻生态系统因1%的死心或白穗，或两个阶段的茎螟虫损害造成的产量损失分别为2.5%，4.0%和6.4%。从生态系统的粮食生产损失来看，1%的枯心病、白穗病或两个阶段的螟虫危害分别为108、174和278 kg/ha。在灌溉生态系统中，1%死心导致产量损失0.3% (12 kg/ha)， 1%白穗导致产量损失4.2% (183 kg/ha)；在茎螟虫危害的两个阶段，1%侵染造成的损失为4.6%或201 kg/ha。在雨养低地，死心或死心白穗率为1%，产量损失为2.3%或76 kg/ha。即使在低于目前使用的经济阈值的水平上，也可能发生相当大的损失。由于寄主植物对水稻螟虫的抗性不足，这种对损失的认识显得更为重要。虽然没有杀虫剂能完全控制螟虫的危害，但许多杀虫剂显著提高了粮食产量。乳化液和乳化液的使用对幼虫和未孵化的卵的死亡率最高，因此对农民来说更经济。杀虫剂颗粒如二嗪农和呋喃在预防茎螟虫危害方面同样有效。(c) 2005年Elsevier Ltd出版
A database created from insecticide control experiments conducted under the All-India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project from 1965 to 1992 was used to derive empirical estimates of yield losses caused by stem borers. Each unit percent damage due to white earhead damage had a much greater impact on rice yield in the irrigated ecosystem than did damage due to dead heart. White earhead damage occurs later in the season and results in direct loss of a yielding particle, and thus, no compensation (or very little) is possible. The grain yield loss from the two phases, dead heart and white earhead damage to rice, is more than additive. Based on 770 experimental units from 28 years data, our projections for damage over rice ecosystems due to 1% dead heart or white earhead, or to both phases of stem borer damage are 2.5%, 4.0%, and 6.4% yield loss, respectively. In terms of grain production loss over ecosystems, 1% dead heart, or white earhead, or both phases of stem borer damage would be 108, 174 and 278 kg/ha, respectively. In irrigated ecosystem, 1% dead heart resulted in 0.3% or 12 kg/ha loss whereas, 1% white earhead caused 4.2%, or 183 kg/ha loss in grain yields; the loss due to 1% infestation in both phases of stem borer damage was 4.6% or 201 kg/ha. In rainfed lowlands, for 1% dead heart or dead heart and white earhead caused 2.3 % or 76 kg/ha yield loss. Even at levels below the currently used economic threshold considerable losses can occur. This perception on losses assumes more importance because of the inadequate host-plant resistance to stem borer in rice. Although no insecticide gave total control of stem borer damage, many increased grain yields significantly. Emulsifiable concentrates of monocrotophos and chlorpyriphos appeared more economical for adoption by farmers as their application caused maximum mortality of larvae and unhatched eggs. Insecticide granules such as diazinon and carbofuran were equally efficient in preventing stem borer damage. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.