A Critical Look at Reciprocity in Ecology and Evolution: Introduction to the Symposium*
A Critical Look at Reciprocity in Ecology and Evolution: Introduction to the Symposium*
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对生态学和进化论互惠性的批判性审视：研讨会简介*
DOI：
10.1086/670030
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Reznick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Reznick
G. E. Hutchinson (1965) 的著名论文《生态剧场和进化戏剧》帮助创立了进化生态学这一新学科。哈钦森设想生态学是进化论的主宰。生态剧院提供了一个模板或利基市场。进化过程会调整有机体以适应生态位。从最近的角度来看，Schoener（2011）认为我们应该将生态和进化视为同一出戏中的两个演员，彼此动态互动。舍纳还认为，我们对这种相互作用的了解太多来自于对模型生态系统进行的实验室实验。我们需要将研究从实验室转移到大自然中。 2011 年美国博物学家协会副会长研讨会从四个方面对这一新观点进行了批判性审视，我将其称为“生态-进化相互作用”。首先，它讨论了生态进化相互作用与成熟的进化生态学学科之间是否确实存在差异。其次，它提出了四个实证研究的例子，询问在自然生态系统中是否存在这种相互作用，如果存在，它们的重要性如何。第三，它展示了理论和实证研究的结合如何解决这种相互作用的普遍性和重要性。最后，它考虑了文献中可用的潜在证据来论证这种相互作用的普遍性，无论是在当代生态系统中还是在塑造生命历史中。
G. E. Hutchinson’s (1965) famous essay The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play helped launch the new discipline of evolutionary ecology. Hutchinson envisioned ecology as governing evolution; the ecological theater presents a template or niche. The evolutionary play tailors the organism to fit the niche. In a recent perspective, Schoener (2011) argued that we should instead think of ecology and evolution as two actors in the same play dynamically interacting with one another. Schoener also argued that too much of what we have learned about such interactions is derived from laboratory experiments performed on model ecosystems. We need to move research out of the laboratory and into nature. The 2011 Vice Presidential Symposium of the American Society of Naturalists took a critical look at this new perspective, which I will refer to as “eco-evo interactions,” in four ways. First, it addressed whether there really is a difference between eco-evo interactions and the well-established discipline of evolutionary ecology. Second, it presented four examples of empirical studies that ask whether such interactions are seen in natural ecosystems and, if present, how important they are. Third, it showed how a coupling of theory and empirical studies can address the prevalence and importance of such interactions. Finally, it considered what latent evidence is available in the literature to argue for the prevalence of such interactions, either in contemporary ecosystems or in shaping the history of life.