Blood volume response to physical activity and inactivity
Blood volume response to physical activity and inactivity
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DOI：
10.1097/maj.0b013e318063c6e4
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Convertino, Victor A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Convertino, Victor A.
来自横断面和纵向研究的数据提供了令人信服的证据，表明循环血容量可以受到定期身体活动或不活动的影响。血浆容量的扩张或收缩可以解释在改变体力活动模式的最初1至2周期间循环血容量的大部分变化;在此之后，改变的血容量可以在血浆和红细胞容量之间均匀分布。伴随体力活动变化的循环血容量变化代表与水摄入量增加或减少以及尿量和溶质排出量相关的总身体水分和溶质的净变化。尿量改变的机制似乎是肾小管对钠的重吸收改变。伴随身体活动的血容量的扩张提供了更多的体液用于散热（出汗）和体温调节稳定性以及更大的血管容量用于更大的心脏充盈和每搏输出量以及运动和直立挑战期间的心血管稳定性的优点。相反，当血容量在相对身体不活动期间减少时，情况正好相反。观察到，身体活动和不活动引起血容量变化的潜在机制是相似的，但反应直接相反，这表明它们之间存在复杂的关系。这些关系的影响，作为一种机制，通过这种机制，体力活动和健身可能是保护减少血容量和随后的发展与衰老相关的心血管疾病。
Data from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies provide compelling evidence that circulating blood volume can be influenced by regular physical activity or inactivity. Expansion or contraction of plasma volume can account for most of the alteration in circulating blood volume during the initial I to 2 weeks of changing physical activity patterns; after this time, altered blood volume may be distributed equally between plasma and red cell volumes. Alterations in circulating blood volume that accompany changes in physical activity represent a net change in total body water and solutes that are associated with increased or decreased water intake and urine volume and solute output. The mechanism of altered urine output appears to be a modified renal tubular reabsorption of sodium. The expansion of blood volume that accompanies physical activity provides advantages of greater body fluid for heat dissipation (sweating) and thermoregulatory stability as well as larger vascular volume for greater cardiac filling and stroke volume and cardiovascular stability during exercise and orthostatic challenges. The opposite is true when blood volume is reduced during periods of relative physical inactivity. The observation that underlying mechanisms for alteration in blood volume with physical activity and inactivity are similar but respond directly opposite suggests that they are intricately related. These relations have implications as to a mechanism by which physical activity and fitness may be protective against reduced blood volume and subsequent development of cardiovascular disease associated with aging.