Disease-linked TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation suppresses TDP-43 condensation and aggregation.

Disease-linked TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation suppresses TDP-43 condensation and aggregation.
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DOI:
10.15252/embj.2021108443
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发表时间:
2022-04-19
期刊:
The EMBO journal
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其他
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翻译后修饰(PTM)已经成为蛋白质相分离的关键调节因子,并与神经退行性疾病中的蛋白质聚集有关。肌萎缩侧索硬化症和额颞痴呆的主要聚集蛋白是RNA结合蛋白TAR DNA结合蛋白(TDP-43),在疾病中,它在几个C末端丝氨酸残基上过度磷酸化,这一过程通常被认为促进了TDP-43的聚集。然而,在这里,我们发现酪蛋白激酶1TDP-43δ介导的TDP-43过度磷酸化或C末端仿磷突变减少了TDP-43的相分离和聚集,相反,使TDP-43缩合物更具液体样和动力学。多尺度分子动力学模拟表明,通过增强仿磷残基的溶剂化作用,TDP-43低复杂性结构域的同型相互作用减少。细胞实验表明,拟磷酸取代不影响TDP-43的核输入或RNA调节功能,但抑制TDP-43在无膜细胞器中的积聚,并促进其在神经元中的溶解。我们推测TDP-43的过度磷酸化可能是一种保护细胞的反应,以对抗TDP-43的聚集。C端TDP-43的过度磷酸化可能是一种保护性的细胞反应,以对抗TDP-43的聚集,而不是先前假设的神经病理的驱动因素。
Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key modulators of protein phase separation and have been linked to protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. The major aggregating protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, the RNA‐binding protein TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43), is hyperphosphorylated in disease on several C‐terminal serine residues, a process generally believed to promote TDP‐43 aggregation. Here, we however find that Casein kinase 1δ‐mediated TDP‐43 hyperphosphorylation or C‐terminal phosphomimetic mutations reduce TDP‐43 phase separation and aggregation, and instead render TDP‐43 condensates more liquid‐like and dynamic. Multi‐scale molecular dynamics simulations reveal reduced homotypic interactions of TDP‐43 low‐complexity domains through enhanced solvation of phosphomimetic residues. Cellular experiments show that phosphomimetic substitutions do not affect nuclear import or RNA regulatory functions of TDP‐43, but suppress accumulation of TDP‐43 in membrane‐less organelles and promote its solubility in neurons. We speculate that TDP‐43 hyperphosphorylation may be a protective cellular response to counteract TDP‐43 aggregation. C‐terminal TDP‐43 hyperphosphorylation may be a protective cellular response to counteract TDP‐43 aggregation, rather than a driver of neuropathology as previously assumed.
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