Re-emergence of monkeypox in Africa: a review of the past six years
Re-emergence of monkeypox in Africa: a review of the past six years
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011720
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Esteves, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heymann, DL;Szczeniowski, M;Esteves, K
人类猴痘于1970年在刚果民主共和国首次发现。20世纪70年代和80年代对这种人畜共患病的广泛研究表明，这是一种主要是散发性疾病，少数病例是由人与人之间的传播引起的，很少超过两代人。1996年8月，报告了一次异常大的人类猴痘暴发，病例持续到1997年，发病率在1996年8月、1997年3月和1997年8月达到高峰。1997年现场调查的初步结果表明，出现了一种新的流行病学模式，其中大多数继发病例是由人与人之间的传播引起的，而且是一种临床上较温和的疾病。有初步的实验室证据表明，同一地理区域同时爆发了水痘，这无疑将修正这些初步结果。自该地区根除天花和终止牛痘疫苗接种以来，易感人群数量有所增加。然而，使用疫苗接种来保护高危人群时，必须考虑到艾滋病毒流行率和在已知存在艾滋病毒的人群中使用牛痘疫苗时普遍出现牛痘的风险。
Human monkeypox was first identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Extensive studies of this zoonotic infection in the 1970s and 1980s indicated a largely sporadic disease with a minority of cases resulting from person-to-person transmission, rarely beyond two generations. In August 1996, an unusually large outbreak of human monkeypox was reported, and cases continued through 1997 with peak incidence in August 1996, March 1997 and August 1997. Preliminary results from the field investigations in 1997 suggest a new epidemiological pattern where a majority of secondary cases result from person-to-person transmission, and a clinically milder disease. Rut there is preliminary laboratory evidence of a simultaneous outbreak of varicella in the same geographic region which will undoubtedly modify these preliminary results. Since smallpox was eradicated and vaccinia vaccination terminated in this region, the population of susceptible individuals has grown. The use of vaccination to protect the population at risk, however, must take into account HIV prevalence and the risk of generalized vaccinia when using vaccinia vaccine in populations where HIV is known to be present.