Inbreeding tolerance and fitness costs in wild bottlenose dolphins
Inbreeding tolerance and fitness costs in wild bottlenose dolphins
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.0039
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发表时间：
2010-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Sherwin, William B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frere, Celine H.;Kruetzen, Michael;Sherwin, William B.
在野生种群中，近亲交配耐受性预计将在避免成本超过耐受性的情况下进化。我们发现，在西澳大利亚州东鲨鱼湾发现的一群野生宽吻海豚中，近亲繁殖的水平高于预期，仅凭偶然就能证明近亲繁殖在两个独立的方面对雌性健康有害。我们发现，近亲繁殖的雌性和近亲繁殖的雌性牛犊的适合度较低(产犊成功率较低)。我们进一步表明，近亲繁殖的代价之一是延长断奶年龄，雌性较早出生的小牛更有可能是近亲繁殖的。虽然近亲交配的确切原因仍不清楚，但我们的结果表明，其中一个因素是女性的年龄，因此也就是经验。任何近亲繁殖避免机制，如雌性逃避亲缘关系或雄性扩散，似乎在这个种群中并不完全有效，这支持了这样的观点，即近亲繁殖的避免并不总是发生在近亲繁殖产生成本的地方。
In wild populations, inbreeding tolerance is expected to evolve where the cost of avoidance exceeds that of tolerance. We show that in a wild population of bottlenose dolphins found in East Shark Bay, Western Australia, levels of inbreeding are higher than expected by chance alone, and demonstrate that inbreeding is deleterious to female fitness in two independent ways. We found that inbred females, and females with inbred calves, have reduced fitness (lower calving success). We further show that one of the costs of inbreeding is extended weaning age, and that females' earlier calves are more likely to be inbred. While the exact causes of inbreeding remain obscure, our results indicate that one factor is female age, and thus experience. Any inbreeding avoidance mechanisms such as female evasion of kin, or male dispersal, do not seem to be completely effective in this population, which supports the view that inbreeding avoidance does not always evolve wherever inbreeding incurs a cost.