Eye Movement Evidence for an Immediate Ganong Effect
Eye Movement Evidence for an Immediate Ganong Effect
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000269
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Staub, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kingston, John;Levy, Joshua;Staub, Adrian
听者倾向于将模糊的语音分类，以便它与上下文形成一个词（Ganong，1980）。这种效应可能反映了从词汇到音位激活的反馈（McClelland & Elman，1986），或者是特定任务音位决策系统的操作（Norris，McQueen，& Cutler，2000）。由于前者涉及词汇和音位水平之间的反馈，它预测，词汇的影响音位的决定应该延迟，并应逐渐增加的强度。然而，以前的响应时间实验并没有给出一个明确的结论。在2个实验中，当听众使用视觉显示的响应选项对音素进行分类时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。词汇相关的信息在信号中，其中的时间是由单独的门控实验证实，立即增加眼球运动的词汇支持的反应。这种对眼球运动的影响在试验过程中逐渐减弱，而不是继续增加。这些结果对词汇反馈理论提出了挑战。本工作还介绍了一种新的方法，用于分析数据从“视觉世界”类型的任务，旨在评估当实验操作影响的概率的眼睛运动的目标。
Listeners tend to categorize an ambiguous speech sound so that it forms a word with its context (Ganong, 1980). This effect could reflect feedback from the lexicon to phonemic activation (McClelland & Elman, 1986), or the operation of a task-specific phonemic decision system (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2000). Because the former account involves feedback between lexical and phonemic levels, it predicts that the lexicon's influence on phonemic decisions should be delayed and should gradually increase in strength. Previous response time experiments have not delivered a clear verdict as to whether this is the case, however. In 2 experiments, listeners' eye movements were tracked as they categorized phonemes using visually displayed response options. Lexically relevant information in the signal, the timing of which was confirmed by separate gating experiments, immediately increased eye movements toward the lexically supported response. This effect on eye movements then diminished over the course of the trial rather than continuing to increase. These results challenge the lexical feedback account. The present work also introduces a novel method for analyzing data from 'visual-world' type tasks, designed to assess when an experimental manipulation influences the probability of an eye movement toward the target.