Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius.
Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius.
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DOI：
10.1159/000452416
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Greenwood, Tiffany A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Greenwood, Tiffany A
双相情感障碍是一种严重的、终生的情绪障碍，目前对其潜在风险的遗传机制知之甚少。通过检查相关的维度表型，我们可以进一步了解这种疾病。创造力与双相情感障碍有着历史上的联系，并且在未受影响的一级亲属和具有双相情感障碍特征的人中尤其增强。这表明双相情感障碍的某些方面可能会带来优势，而更严重的症状表达会对创造性成就产生负面影响。创造力是一种复杂的多维结构，具有认知和情感成分，其中许多成分似乎反映了双相情感障碍共有的遗传脆弱性。根据倒U形曲线，建议双相风险变异的子集赋予优势作为积极特征，临床上未受影响的等位基因携带者受益于积极特征并有助于维持人群中的风险等位基因。风险基因与健康个体创造力的关联（例如 NRG1），以及双相情感障碍患者和创造力个体之间总体共享共同遗传变异，为该模型提供了支持。从多学科的角度总结了当前的研究结果，以证明该领域研究揭示疾病潜在机制的可行性。
Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.