Regional integration and ecology in prehistoric Amazonia: Toward a system perspective
Regional integration and ecology in prehistoric Amazonia: Toward a system perspective
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史前亚马逊地区的区域一体化和生态：系统视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alf Hornborg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alf Hornborg
本文批判性地回顾了史前亚马逊文化发展的重建，并认为在该地区的语言学家和考古学家所追踪的民族语言身份的复杂分布中，区域和区域间的交流是首要的。这种方法需要明确放弃迁移“民族”的概念，以支持现代人类学对种族和民族起源的理解。此外，本文还讨论了这样一个区域系统的角度对亚马逊河流域的人种正在进行的辩论的程度上的社会分层和农业集约化的洪泛平原和潮湿的热带稀树草原的低地南美洲的意义。它的结论是，阿拉瓦克酋长和种族身份的出现在这样的环境后的第一个千年的BC标志着占领的生态和区域交流方面定义的利基，但它也改变了这两种条件。在这个过程中，种族、社会分层、经济和生态都是递归地交织在一起的。
This paper critically reviews reconstructions of cultural development in prehistoric Amazonia and argues for the primacy of regional and interregional exchange in generating the complex distributions of ethno-linguistic identities traced by linguists and archaeologists in the area. This approach requires an explicit abandonment of notions of migrating "peoples" in favor of modern anthropological understandings of ethnicity and ethnogenesis. Further, the paper discusses the significance of such a regional system perspective on Amazonian ethnogenesis for the ongoing debate on the extent of social stratification and agricultural intensification on the floodplains and wet savannas of lowland South America. It concludes that the emergence of Arawakan chiefdoms and ethnic identities in such environments after the first millennium BC signifies the occupation of a niche defined in terms of both ecology and regional exchange but also that it transformed both these kinds of conditions. In these processes, ethnicity, social stratification, economy, and ecology were all recursively intertwined.