Particle association and size fraction of molecular viral fecal pollution indicators in wastewater
Particle association and size fraction of molecular viral fecal pollution indicators in wastewater
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DOI：
10.1039/d2ew00126h
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发表时间：
2022-06-16
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Bibby, Kyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greaves, Justin;North, Devin;Bibby, Kyle
目前用于水质监测的粪便指示细菌不足以代表病毒在水系统中的命运，从而促进了病毒粪便污染指标的开发。分子病毒粪便污染指标，如 crAssphage 和辣椒轻度斑驳病毒 (PMMoV)，由于测量的简便性和速度以及目标特异性，已成为主要的病毒粪便污染指标候选者。阐明分子病毒粪便指标在水系统中的命运对于促进其发展、更广泛的采用以及最终促进其与感染风险的关联是必要的。控制环境水中病毒指标行为的一个重要机制是与颗粒相关，因为这将决定通过沉降和运输特性进行去除。在本研究中，我们使用级联过滤方法研究了废水中六种分子粪便污染目标（crAssphage、PMMoV、腺病毒、人类多瘤病毒、诺如病毒、HF183/BacR287）的颗粒关联。采用四种不同的过滤器，代表大的可沉降颗粒（180μm）、较大的（20μm）和较小的悬浮颗粒（0.45μm）以及不可沉降的颗粒（0.03μm）。所有分子目标均在所有粒径级分上检测到；然而，所有目标在 0.45 μm（贡献百分比范围为 40% 至 80.5%）和 20 μm（贡献百分比范围为 3.9% 至 39.4%）过滤器上的浓度最高。病毒粪便污染目标与悬浮颗粒的关联表明，颗粒关联将决定环境水中的传输，并且基于颗粒收集的样品浓缩方法将对这些目标有效。
Fecal indicator bacteria currently used for water quality monitoring inadequately represent viral fate in water systems, motivating the development of viral fecal pollution indicators. Molecular viral fecal pollution indicators such as crAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) have emerged as leading viral fecal pollution indicator candidates due to ease and speed of measurement and target specificity. Elucidating the fate of molecular viral fecal indicators in water systems is necessary to facilitate their development, broader adoption, and ultimately their association with infectious risk. A significant mechanism controlling the behavior of viral indicators in environmental waters is association with particles, as this would dictate removal via settling and transport characteristics. In this study, we investigated the particle associations of six molecular fecal pollution targets (crAssphage, PMMoV, adenovirus, human polyomavirus, norovirus, HF183/BacR287) in wastewater using a cascade filtration approach. Four different filters were employed representing large settleable particles (180 mu m), larger (20 mu m) and smaller suspended particles (0.45 mu m), and non-settleable particles (0.03 mu m). All molecular targets were detected on all particle size fractions; however, all targets had their highest concentrations on the 0.45 mu m (percent contribution ranging from 40% to 80.5%) and 20 mu m (percent contribution ranging from 3.9% to 39.4%) filters. The association of viral fecal pollution targets with suspended particles suggests that particle association will dictate transport in environmental waters and that sample concentration approaches based upon particle collection will be effective for these targets.