Caldera Life-Cycles of the Yellowstone Hotspot Track: Death and Rebirth of the Heise Caldera
Caldera Life-Cycles of the Yellowstone Hotspot Track: Death and Rebirth of the Heise Caldera
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黄石热点轨迹的火山口生命周期：Heise 火山口的死亡与重生
DOI：
10.1093/petrology/egy074
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Shervais
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Jean;E. H. Christiansen;D. Champion;S. Vetter;W. Phillips;S. Schuth;J. Shervais
作为黄石-蛇河平原省(YSRP)内发现的最独特的钻芯之一，糖城地热试验井钻入了上新世中晚期喷发的火山口内流纹岩熔岩和凝灰岩，更新世期间喷发了复兴的玄武岩火山作用。这一序列与提出的YSRP热点火山口的两个主要阶段平行：即几个大体积的火山灰流凝灰岩席喷发，随后火山口坍塌，然后主要流纹岩活动停止，逐渐下沉，并伴随着玄武岩熔岩流对火山口的充填和最终埋藏。我们利用地层关系、古地磁学、主量元素、微量元素和锶-钕同位素地球化学建立了玄武岩和流纹岩岩浆在地理和时间背景下的成因模型。玄武岩的特征是基于深度和地球化学的不同分组，并反映了表面观察到的主要成分，如蛇河橄榄拉斑玄武岩(SROT)和进化型(如月球陨石坑)。我们还观察到与流纹岩/花岗岩相互作用的受污染的玄武岩。侵入岩石圈的柱状通道浅层部分熔融形成的玄武岩岩浆。较老的流纹岩保留了A型花岗岩的经典特征，显示出典型的东部SRP破火山口中心的常量元素和微量元素浓度，地层变化最小。多条证据证明了广泛的岩浆分异和玄武岩-流纹岩的耦合作用。我们发现，流纹岩最可能的来源是由太古宙地壳成分和年轻的年轻镁铁质侵入体组成的混合源的部分熔融。一些喷发单元还需要水热蚀变物质的同化作用。流纹岩并不是从基尔戈喷发高潮(4.0 Ma)遗留下来的岩浆演化而来，而是代表了4.0~3.8 Ma之间几十万年间的离散岩浆生成事件。大约从3.3Ma3.3 Ma开始，玄武岩就能够通过火山口下方形成的固化复合深成岩体喷发。从流纹岩到玄武岩的转变与北美离开黄石热点核时玄武岩岩浆流量的下降有关。
As one of the most geochemically unique drill cores recovered within the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain (YSRP) province, the Sugar City geothermal test well was drilled into intra-caldera rhyolite lavas and tuffs erupted during the middle to late Pliocene and the resurgent basaltic volcanism erupted during the Pleistocene. This sequence parallels the two main stages proposed for YSRP hotspot calderas: i.e. the eruption of several large-volume, ash-flow tuff sheets followed by caldera collapse, then cessation of major rhyolitic activity and gradual subsidence accompanied by filling and eventual burial of the caldera by basalt lava flows. We employ stratigraphic relationships, paleomagnetism, and major, trace element, and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry to develop models for the origin of the basaltic and rhyolitic magmas within a geographical and temporal context. The basalts are characterized by distinct groupings based on depth and geochemistry and reflect the dominant compositions observed on the surface, e.g. Snake River olivine tholeiite (SROT) and evolved type (e.g. Craters of the Moon). We also observe contaminated basalts that interacted with rhyolite/granite. The basaltic magma formed by shallow partial melting in the plume channel carved into the lithosphere. The older rhyolites preserve the classical characteristics of A-type granites and display major element and trace element concentrations typical for Eastern SRP caldera centres and minimal stratigraphic variation. Multiple lines of evidence document extensive magmatic differentiation and coupled basalt–rhyolite interactions. We find that the most plausible origin for the rhyolites is via partial melting of a hybrid source, comprising Archean crustal components and younger juvenile mafic intrusions. Assimilation of hydrothermally altered material is also required for some eruptive units. The rhyolites did not evolve from residual magma left over from the climactic Kilgore eruption (4·0 Ma), but instead represent discrete magma generation events in the course of a few hundred thousand years between 4·0 to 3·8 Ma. Beginning at approximately 3.3 Ma, basalts were able to erupt through the solidified composite pluton that formed below the caldera. The transition from rhyolite to basalt is tied to the declining flux of basaltic magma as North America moved away from the Yellowstone hotspot core.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
S. Schuth;C. Münker;S. König;C. Qopoto;S. Basi;D. Garbe‐Schönberg;C. Ballhaus
通讯作者：
S. Schuth;C. Münker;S. König;C. Qopoto;S. Basi;D. Garbe‐Schönberg;C. Ballhaus
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
M. Kirchenbaur;C. Münker;S. Schuth;D. Garbe‐Schönberg;P. Marchev
通讯作者：
M. Kirchenbaur;C. Münker;S. Schuth;D. Garbe‐Schönberg;P. Marchev
美国斯内克河平原中部罗杰森组的流变熔结岩：中新世中期流纹岩爆发性喷发和沿黄石热点轨道相关的地壳沉降的记录
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Knott T
通讯作者：
Knott T
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
S. Wilke;Carolin Klahn;T. Bolte;R. Almeev;F. Holtz
通讯作者：
S. Wilke;Carolin Klahn;T. Bolte;R. Almeev;F. Holtz
黑尾溪凝灰岩：黄石热点系统海斯火山场流纹岩的分析和实验研究
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bolte T;Holtz F;Almeev R;Nash B.
通讯作者：
Nash B.