Structure and function of the healthy pre-adolescent pediatric gut microbiome.
Structure and function of the healthy pre-adolescent pediatric gut microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-015-0101-x
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发表时间：
2015-08-26
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Versalovic J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hollister EB;Riehle K;Luna RA;Weidler EM;Rubio-Gonzales M;Mistretta TA;Raza S;Doddapaneni HV;Metcalf GA;Muzny DM;Gibbs RA;Petrosino JF;Shulman RJ;Versalovic J
肠道微生物群影响无数宿主功能，包括营养获取、免疫调节、大脑发育和行为。虽然人们认为随着年龄的增长，人类肠道微生物群会发生变化，但关于儿童时期肠道微生物群的结构和功能的信息是有限的。利用16S rRNA基因和霰弹枪宏基因组测序，我们对学龄、青春期前儿童（7-12岁）的健康儿童肠道微生物群的结构、功能和变异进行了表征。我们比较了健康儿童肠道微生物组与先前从同一地区（Houston， TX， USA）招募的健康成年人的肠道微生物组。虽然健康儿童和成人拥有相似数量的分类群和功能基因，但它们的组成和功能潜力存在显著差异。儿童富含双歧杆菌、粪杆菌和毛螺旋菌，而成人则富含拟杆菌。从功能的角度来看，在涉及维生素合成、氨基酸降解、氧化磷酸化和触发粘膜炎症的基因的相对丰度方面，我们发现了显著差异。儿童肠道菌群的功能丰富，可能支持持续发育，而成人肠道菌群的功能丰富，与炎症、肥胖和肥胖风险增加有关。先前的研究表明，人类肠道微生物组在生命的最初1至3年后相对稳定，与成人相似。我们的研究结果表明，健康的儿童肠道微生物群的组成和功能质量不同于健康的成年人，肠道微生物群的发育可能比以前怀疑的要长。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0101-x）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The gut microbiome influences myriad host functions, including nutrient acquisition, immune modulation, brain development, and behavior. Although human gut microbiota are recognized to change as we age, information regarding the structure and function of the gut microbiome during childhood is limited. Using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the structure, function, and variation of the healthy pediatric gut microbiome in a cohort of school-aged, pre-adolescent children (ages 7–12 years). We compared the healthy pediatric gut microbiome with that of healthy adults previously recruited from the same region (Houston, TX, USA). Although healthy children and adults harbored similar numbers of taxa and functional genes, their composition and functional potential differed significantly. Children were enriched in Bifidobacterium spp., Faecalibacterium spp., and members of the Lachnospiraceae, while adults harbored greater abundances of Bacteroides spp. From a functional perspective, significant differences were detected with respect to the relative abundances of genes involved in vitamin synthesis, amino acid degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and triggering mucosal inflammation. Children’s gut communities were enriched in functions which may support ongoing development, while adult communities were enriched in functions associated with inflammation, obesity, and increased risk of adiposity. Previous studies suggest that the human gut microbiome is relatively stable and adult-like after the first 1 to 3 years of life. Our results suggest that the healthy pediatric gut microbiome harbors compositional and functional qualities that differ from those of healthy adults and that the gut microbiome may undergo a more prolonged development than previously suspected. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0101-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.