Effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on intensity and structure of tropical cyclone
Effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on intensity and structure of tropical cyclone
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00376-012-1082-3
复制
发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Xiaoping Cheng;Jianfang Fei;Xiaogang Huang;Jing Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiaoping Cheng;Jianfang Fei;Xiaogang Huang;Jing Zheng
为了检验海雾蒸发和耗散加热对实际热带气旋结构和强度的影响，将海雾通量参数化方案引入第五代宾夕法尼亚州立大学-国家大气研究中心中尺度模式(MM5)。灵敏度试验是在改变喷雾源函数强度的情况下进行的，在有和没有耗散加热的情况下进行。数值结果表明，海雾蒸发增加了界面感热通量，中等喷雾增加了16%，重度喷雾增加了47%，但对界面潜热通量影响不大。海雾蒸发的净作用是减少总感热通量，增加总潜热通量。当喷雾量为中等和较大时，总热通量分别提高1%和12%。与这些结果一致的是，在最大10米风速下，由于海雾蒸发，热带气旋的强度分别增加了5%和16%。海雾蒸发和耗散加热以重要但复杂的方式改变了热带气旋的结构。海雾对近地表温度和湿度的影响取决于喷雾量及其在热带气旋中的位置。在热带气旋的大风区内，由于海雾的蒸发，低层大气变得更凉爽和潮湿。然而，耗散的加热抵消了海水喷雾蒸发造成的冷却，这使得低层大气变暖。
To examine effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on structure and intensity of a real tropical cyclone, the sea spray flux parameterization scheme was incorporated into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Sensitivity tests were performed with varying the spray source function intensities and with and without dissipation heating. The numerical results indicate that sea spray evaporation increases the interfacial sensible heat flux, which is increased by 16% for the moderate spray and 47% for the heavy spray, but has little effect on the interfacial latent heat flux. The net effect of sea spray evaporation is to decrease the total sensible heat flux and to increase the total latent heat flux. The total enthalpy flux is increased by 1% and 12% with moderate and strong spray amounts, respectively. Consistent with these results, the intensity of the tropical cyclone is increased by 5% and 16% in maximum 10-m wind speed, respectively, due to sea spray evaporation. Sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating modify the tropical cyclone structure in important but complex ways. The effect of sea spray on the near-surface temperature and moisture depends on the spray amounts and its location within the tropical cyclone. Within the high-wind region of a tropical cyclone, the lower atmosphere becomes cooler and moister due to the evaporation of sea spray. However, the dissipative heating offsets the cooling due to sea spray evaporation, which makes the lower atmosphere warmer.