UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION IN RUNNING .1. CENTER OF MASS AND PROPULSION CONSIDERATIONS
UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION IN RUNNING .1. CENTER OF MASS AND PROPULSION CONSIDERATIONS
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DOI：
10.1123/ijsb.3.3.222
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发表时间：
1987-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
WILLIAMS, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HINRICHS, RN;CAVANAGH, PR;WILLIAMS, KR
使用三维摄影技术拍摄了 10 名男性休闲跑步者在跑步机上以 3.8 m/s、4.5 m/s 和 5.4 m/s 的速度跑步的情况。使用 14 段数学模型来研究手臂摆动对身体质心 (CM) 三维运动的影响，以及在跑步周期接触阶段对身体的垂直和水平推进冲动（“举力”和“驱动”）的影响。研究发现，手臂可以减少身体CM前后和左右的水平偏移，从而使跑步者的水平速度更加恒定。手臂的动作增加了身体 CM 的垂直运动范围。研究发现，手臂对升力的贡献虽小但很重要，大约占总数的 5-10%。这种贡献随着跑步速度的增加而增加。尽管受试者之间存在相当大的差异，但通常没有发现手臂有助于驱动。与 CM 结果一致，发现手臂减少而不是增加跑步者前进速度的变化。结论是，与大多数长跑运动员采用的让手臂稍微向前交叉的方式相比，直接向前和向后摆动手臂的“经典”方式没有明显的优势。事实上，交叉有助于减少上述身体 CM 的左右偏移，从而促进更恒定的水平速度。
Ten male recreational runners were filmed using three-dimensional cinematography while running on a treadmill at 3.8 m/s, 4.5 m/s, and 5.4 m/s. A 14-segment mathematical model was used to examine the influence of the arm swing on the three-dimensional motion of the body center of mass (CM), and on the vertical and horizontal propulsive impulses (“lift” and “drive”) on the body over the contact phase of the running cycle. The arms were found to reduce the horizontal excursions of the body CM both front to back and side to side, thus tending to make a runner's horizontal velocity more constant. The vertical range of motion of the body CM was increased by the action of the arms. The arms were found to make a small but important contribution to lift, roughly 5–10% of the total. This contribution increased with running speed. The arms were generally not found to contribute to drive, although considerable variation existed between subjects. Consistent with the CM results, the arms were found to reduce the changes in forward velocity of the runner rather than increasing them. It was concluded that there is no apparent advantage of the “classic” style of swinging the arms directly forward and backward over the style that most distance runners adopt of letting the arms cross over slightly in front. The crossover, in fact, helps reduce side-to-side excursions of the body CM mentioned above, hence promoting a more constant horizontal velocity.