Micro- and nanoplastics: A new cardiovascular risk factor?
Micro- and nanoplastics: A new cardiovascular risk factor?
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微米和纳米塑料：一种新的心血管危险因素？
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107662
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Zhenlie Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiaoqi Zhu;Chuanxuan Wang;Xiaoyu Duan;Boxuan Liang;Elvis Genbo Xu;Zhenlie Huang
暴露于微塑料和纳米塑料（MNP）是不可避免的，因为它们在环境中无处不在。越来越多的研究促进了我们对MNP潜在毒性的理解，但关于MNP对心血管系统的不良影响及其潜在机制，特别是在人类中，仍然存在知识空白。在这里，我们回顾了过去10年来发表的关于MNP驱动的心血管毒性和机制的最新数据。对46篇有关MNP在动物和人体循环系统中的吸收、分布和聚集行为及毒性的文献进行了分析和总结。结果表明，MNP影响心脏功能，并对（微）血管部位产生毒性。MNP的直接心脏毒性包括心率异常、心功能损害、心包水肿和心肌纤维化。在（微）血管部位，MNP诱导溶血、血栓形成、血液凝固和血管内皮损伤。其主要机制包括氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞凋亡、焦亡以及MNP与多种细胞成分的相互作用。心血管毒性由MNP的性质（类型、大小、表面和结构）、暴露剂量和持续时间、蛋白质存在、生命阶段、性别和测试生物的物种以及与其他环境污染的相互作用确定。MNP ADME的定量信息有限，缺乏MNP心脏毒性试验指南，因此无法对心脏健康进行风险评估。最后，提出了MNP心血管研究的未来发展方向，以实现更现实的健康风险评估。
Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is inevitable due to their omnipresence in the environment. A growing body of studies has advanced our understanding of the potential toxicity of MNPs but knowledge gaps still exist regarding the adverse effects of MNPs on the cardiovascular system and underlying mechanisms, particularly in humans. Here, we reviewed up-to-date data published in the past 10 years on MNP-driven cardiovascular toxicity and mechanisms. Forty-six articles concerning ADME (absorption, distribution, and aggregation behaviors) and toxicity of MNPs in the circulatory system of animals and human cells were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that MNPs affected cardiac functions and caused toxicity on (micro)vascular sites. Direct cardiac toxicity of MNPs included abnormal heart rate, cardiac function impairment, pericardial edema, and myocardial fibrosis. On (micro)vascular sites, MNPs induced hemolysis, thrombosis, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial damage. The main mechanisms included oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and interaction between MNPs and multiple cellular components. Cardiovascular toxicity was determined by the properties (type, size, surface, and structure) of MNPs, exposure dose and duration, protein presence, the life stage, sex, and species of the tested organisms, as well as the interaction with other environmental contamination. The limited quantitative information on MNPs’ ADME and the lack of guidelines for MNP cardiotoxicity testing makes risk assessment on cardiac health impossible. Furthermore, the future directions of cardiovascular research on MNPs are recommended to enable more realistic health risk assessment.