Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in 1976 and Relevance to the West African Epidemic During 2013-2016
Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in 1976 and Relevance to the West African Epidemic During 2013-2016
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiw207
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发表时间：
2016-10-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Johnson, Karl M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breman, Joel G.;Heymann, David L.;Johnson, Karl M.
背景1976年，刚果民主共和国（当时称为扎伊尔）北方报告了第一批埃博拉病毒病病例。本文讨论了谁负责识别疾病;恢复，识别和命名病毒;以及描述流行病。1976年使用的主要科学方法及其与三国的相关性（几内亚、塞拉利昂和利比里亚）2013-2016年期间的西非流行病。方法。a在1976年9月中旬通报后不久开始的欧洲综合实地和实验室调查，包括病毒细胞培养、电子显微镜（EM）、血清免疫荧光抗体（IFA）检测、病例追踪、控制和流行病学调查。在2013-2016年，医疗和公共卫生工作被推迟了几个月，直到埃博拉病毒病疫情被世界卫生组织正式宣布为紧急情况，但最近在发病机制，临床表现，包括后遗症，治疗和预防方面的研究有所增加。（热带医学研究所）;联合王国Porton Down（微生物研究所）;和格鲁吉亚亚特兰大（疾病控制和预防中心）。在亚特兰大，血清学检测发现了一种新病毒。1976年暴发（318例中有280例死亡）在不到11周内停止，并确定了基本的临床和流行病学特征。最近在2013-2016年期间发生的大规模流行病（28616例中有11310例死亡）在超过2年后几乎停止。传播指数（R-0）是在所有3个国家高于1976.Conclusions.aEuro积分一个国际委员会在实验室和当地社区的和谐工作是在1976年迅速取得成功的关键。对最近西非疫情的控制和了解被推迟，原因是认识较晚，而且当局被许多病人和社区参与不足所淹没。尽管存在障碍，研究在1976年和最近都是优先事项。
Background. In 1976, the first cases of Ebola virus disease in northern Democratic Republic of the Congo (then referred to as Zaire) were reported. This article addresses who was responsible for recognizing the disease; recovering, identifying, and naming the virus; and describing the epidemic. Key scientific approaches used in 1976 and their relevance to the 3-country (Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia) West African epidemic during 2013-2016 are presented.Methods.aEuro integral Field and laboratory investigations started soon after notification, in mid-September 1976, and included virus cell culture, electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) testing of sera, case tracing, containment, and epidemiological surveys. In 2013-2016, medical care and public health work were delayed for months until the Ebola virus disease epidemic was officially declared an emergency by World Health Organization, but research in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, including sequelae, treatment, and prevention, has increased more recently.Results.aEuro integral Filoviruses were cultured and observed by EM in Antwerp, Belgium (Institute of Tropical Medicine); Porton Down, United Kingdom (Microbiological Research Establishment); and Atlanta, Georgia (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In Atlanta, serological testing identified a new virus. The 1976 outbreak (280 deaths among 318 cases) stopped in < 11 weeks, and basic clinical and epidemiological features were defined. The recent massive epidemic during 2013-2016 (11 310 deaths among 28 616 cases) has virtually stopped after > 2 years. Transmission indices (R-0) are higher in all 3 countries than in 1976.Conclusions.aEuro integral An international commission working harmoniously in laboratories and with local communities was essential for rapid success in 1976. Control and understanding of the recent West African outbreak were delayed because of late recognition and because authorities were overwhelmed by many patients and poor community involvement. Despite obstacles, research was a priority in 1976 and recently.