Exploring movement patterns and changing distributions of baleen whales in the western North Atlantic using a decade of passive acoustic data
Exploring movement patterns and changing distributions of baleen whales in the western North Atlantic using a decade of passive acoustic data
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15191
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发表时间：
2020-07-12
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Van Parijs, Sofie M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, Genevieve E.;Baumgartner, Mark F.;Van Parijs, Sofie M.
在北大西洋西部的温带海域发现了6种须鲸，大多数种类的分布和运动模式的信息有限。越来越多的证据表明，包括海洋哺乳动物在内的许多物种的分布发生了变化，这可能是由于气候驱动的海洋温度和环流的变化。以前的声学研究检查了小须鲸(Balaenoptera Acutorostrata)和北大西洋露脊鲸(NARW；Eubalaena glacialis)的出现。这项研究基于对座头鲸(Megaptera Novaeangliae)、SEI(B.borealis)、鳍(B.Physalus)和蓝鲸(B.Musculus)发声的日常检测，评估了它们十年来的声学存在。从2004年到2014年，在281个底部安装的记录器上收集的数据，总计35,033天，使用自动检测软件进行处理，并筛选每个物种的存在。一项发表的关于NARW声学的研究显示，在2004-2010年和2011-2014年期间，发生模式发生了重大变化；因此，本文对这些相同的时间段进行了研究。从美国东南部到格陵兰岛，所有四个物种都存在；座头鲸也出现在加勒比海。所有物种都在冬季出现在所有地区，这表明须鲸在这几个月中分布广泛。2010年后，每个物种在声学发生方面都发生了显著变化。与NARW类似，2010年后，SEI鲸在大西洋中部地区的声学出现率更高。2010年后，长须鲸、蓝鲸和长须鲸在研究区域的北纬地区更频繁地被检测到。尽管普遍向北转移，但2010年后在斯科特大陆架地区检测到的所有四种物种都较少，与该地区有记录的猎物可获得性的变化相吻合。十年的声学观察显示，须鲸的分布范围发生了重要的变化，反映了已知的气候变化，并确定了需要进一步保护的新栖息地，以免受固定渔具、航运和噪音污染等人为威胁。
Six baleen whale species are found in the temperate western North Atlantic Ocean, with limited information existing on the distribution and movement patterns for most. There is mounting evidence of distributional shifts in many species, including marine mammals, likely because of climate-driven changes in ocean temperature and circulation. Previous acoustic studies examined the occurrence of minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and North Atlantic right whales (NARW;Eubalaena glacialis). This study assesses the acoustic presence of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), sei (B. borealis), fin (B. physalus), and blue whales (B. musculus) over a decade, based on daily detections of their vocalizations. Data collected from 2004 to 2014 on 281 bottom-mounted recorders, totaling 35,033 days, were processed using automated detection software and screened for each species' presence. A published study on NARW acoustics revealed significant changes in occurrence patterns between the periods of 2004-2010 and 2011-2014; therefore, these same time periods were examined here. All four species were present from the Southeast United States to Greenland; humpback whales were also present in the Caribbean. All species occurred throughout all regions in the winter, suggesting that baleen whales are widely distributed during these months. Each of the species showed significant changes in acoustic occurrence after 2010. Similar to NARWs, sei whales had higher acoustic occurrence in mid-Atlantic regions after 2010. Fin, blue, and sei whales were more frequently detected in the northern latitudes of the study area after 2010. Despite this general northward shift, all four species were detected less on the Scotian Shelf area after 2010, matching documented shifts in prey availability in this region. A decade of acoustic observations have shown important distributional changes over the range of baleen whales, mirroring known climatic shifts and identifying new habitats that will require further protection from anthropogenic threats like fixed fishing gear, shipping, and noise pollution.