Life cycle of the Chitose tornado of September 22, 1988
Life cycle of the Chitose tornado of September 22, 1988
复制标题
1988 年 9 月 22 日千岁龙卷风的生命周期
DOI：
10.2151/jmsj1965.74.1_125
复制
发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
H. Uyeda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Kobayashi;K. Kikuchi;H. Uyeda
1988年9月22日下午，日本北海道石狩平原上空发展出一股超级单体风暴。札幌附近的甲壳糖市产生了一个单漏斗F1级龙卷风。通过雷达观测、地面调查、照片、录像和气象资料分析，揭示了甲壳糖龙卷风的结构和生命周期特征。甲壳糖龙卷风的寿命为20分钟，云底漏斗宽度为150米。根据漏斗的详细结构和破坏特征，将龙卷风的生命周期划分为4个阶段：以下降漏斗为特征的形成阶段、以可见漏斗触地并形成强尘云为特征的成熟阶段、以倾斜和弯曲漏斗为特征的收缩阶段和以漏斗消散为特征的衰减阶段。直径7公里的中气旋在母云中距地面2.5公里处发展，并伴有直径1公里的中气旋。400 m高空龙卷风环流的角动量与2.5 km高空中气旋的角动量基本相等。揭示了地面破坏、龙卷风漏斗和中气旋的时空关系。表面损伤区的宽度几乎等于尘云的宽度（200米），比表面漏斗宽度大10倍。虽然地面漏斗最初形成于微气旋正下方，但云底附近的漏斗顶和地面附近的漏斗底的移动方式完全不同，因为母云的移动速度为5 ms-1，而地面漏斗的移动速度为1.2ms-1。
In the afternoon of September 22, 1988, a supercell storm developed over the Ishikari Plain, in Hokkaido, Japan. A single-funnel F1 tornado was spawned in Chitose City, near Sapporo. The characteristics of the structure and the life cycle of the Chitose tornado were revealed by radar observations, ground survey, photographs, videotape, and meteorological data analyses. The Chitose tornado had a lifetime of 20 minutes and funnel width of 150 m at cloud base. The life cycle of the tornado was divided into four stages according to the detailed structure of the funnel and damage characteristics : the formation stage was characterized by a descending funnel, the mature stage characterized by touchdown of a visible funnel and a formation of strong dust cloud, the shrinking stage characterized by tilting and meandering funnel, and decaying stage that lead to the dissipation of the funnel. The mesocyclone of 7 km in diameter developed at 2.5 km AGL in the parent cloud and was accompanied by a misocyclone of 1 km in diameter. The angular momentum of the tornado circulation at the height of 400 m AGL was nearly equal to that of the misocyclone at 2.5 km AGL. The time and space relationship between surface damage, the tornado funnel and the mesocyclone was revealed. The width of the surface damage area was nearly equal to the width of the dust cloud (200 m) and was 10 times larger than the surface funnel width. Although the surface funnel initially formed right below the misocyclone, the funnel top near the cloud base and the funnel bottom near the surface moved in quite different ways, since the parent cloud moved at a speed of 5 ms -1 and the surface funnel at a speed of 1.2 ms -1 .