Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease
Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease
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DOI：
10.21608/scumj.2017.46082
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Howayda M Hassoba;M. Salama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Howayda M Hassoba;M. Salama
CD4 T细胞通常分为调节性T细胞（Treg）和常规T辅助细胞（Th）。这些细胞通过激活其他效应免疫细胞来控制对病原体和癌症的适应性免疫。Treg细胞被定义为负责抑制Th细胞潜在有害活性的CD4 T细胞。Treg细胞的功能包括：通过维持自身耐受性来预防自身免疫性疾病；抑制过敏、哮喘及病原性免疫病理；feto-maternal宽容;还有口腔耐受。Treg细胞的鉴定仍然存在问题，因为越来越多的证据表明，目前使用的所有Treg标记物（CD25、CTLA-4、GITR、LAG-3、CD127和Foxp3）都是一般的t细胞激活标记物，而不是真正的Treg特异性的。Treg细胞的活化是抗原特异性的，这意味着Treg细胞的抑制活性是抗原依赖性的。Treg细胞作为一个独立谱系的分类仍然存在争议，因为抑制能力不是Treg独有的特性。Treg细胞的抑制活性实际上，至少在一些实验环境中，可能是由传统的Th细胞亚群，如Th1、Th2、Th17和T滤泡细胞（Tfh）发挥的。最近的报道也表明Foxp3 Treg细胞可以在体内分化为传统的效应Th细胞，无论Foxp3是否同时下调
CD4 T cells are commonly divided into regulatory T (Treg) cells and conventional T helper (Th) cells. Th cells control adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer by activating other effector immune cells. Treg cells are defined as CD4 T cells in charge of suppressing potentially deleterious activities of Th cells. Suggested functions for Treg cells include: prevention of autoimmune diseases by maintaining self-tolerance; suppression of allergy, asthma and pathogeninduced immunopathology; feto-maternal tolerance; and oral tolerance. Identification of Treg cells remains problematic, because accumulating evidence suggests that all the presently-used Treg markers (CD25, CTLA-4, GITR, LAG-3, CD127 and Foxp3) represent general T-cell activation markers, rather than being truly Treg-specific. Treg-cell activation is antigen-specific, which implies that suppressive activities of Treg cells are antigen-dependent. The classification of Treg cells as a separate lineage remains controversial because the ability to suppress is not an exclusive Treg property. Suppressive activities attributed to Treg cells may in reality, at least in some experimental settings, be exerted by conventional Th cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, Th17 and T follicular (Tfh) cells. Recent reports have also demonstrated that Foxp3 Treg cells may differentiate in vivo into conventional effector Th cells, with or without concomitant down regulation of Foxp3