Earthquakes and fault zone structure

Earthquakes and fault zone structure
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地震与断裂带结构

DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Collettini
C. Collettini
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Valoroso;L. Chiaraluce;C. Collettini

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断裂带结构及其演化的表征是理解地震力学和破裂演化的基础。我们对断裂构造的认识大多来自于对古断裂的野外研究。通过使用地震位置，我们重建的复杂结构的正断层的分辨率直接与现场地质调查。在地表，共轭断层组与主断层面相连，主断层面随深度变化呈弯曲和扩张的锯齿状。平行滑动面出现在孕震体的底部，小的合成和反向构造广泛分布。断层带厚度范围从0.5到1.5公里，而损害密度呈指数衰减远离断层面，与那些观察到的故障露头的值。断层构造的地震学图像和地质图像之间的强烈相似性表明，地震在断层结构的演化中起着关键作用。
The characterization of fault zone structure and its evolution is essential for understanding earthquake mechanics and rupture evolution. Most of our knowledge about fault structure is derived from field studies of ancient faults. By using earthquake locations, we reconstruct the complex structure of a normal fault at a resolution directly comparable with field geological investigations. At the surface conjugate sets of faults are connected with the main fault plane, which with depth shows bending and dilational jogs. Parallel slipping planes occur at the base of the seismogenic volume, and minor synthetic and antithetic structures are widespread. Fault zone thickness ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 km, while the damage density decays exponentially away from the fault plane, with values comparable to those observed on fault outcrops. The strong similarities between seismological and geological images of fault structure indicate that earthquakes have a key role in the evolution of fault architecture.