Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function
Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function
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DOI：
10.1890/13-0320.1
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Wilson, Alan E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chislock, Michael F.;Sarnelle, Orlando;Wilson, Alan E.
物种内适应在生态动力学中的作用的研究主要集中在降低消费风险（猎物防御）的猎物适应上。很少有研究探讨消费者克服猎物防御（消费者进攻）的适应如何影响生态系统的结构和功能。我们在具有丰富有毒猎物（蓝藻）的高产生态系统中操纵了浮游草食动物（Daphnia pulicaria）的两组基因型。两组消费者基因型对饮食中有毒蓝藻的耐受性差异很大（即敏感与耐受）。我们发现耐受性黑斑蝽对浮游植物生物量和总初级生产力有很大影响，但敏感基因型没有影响，这一结果源于有毒猎物存在下种群增长的基因型特异性差异。前一种效果与以前在类似生产力水平下对水蚤的操作所见的效果一样大。因此，我们证明了消费者基因型与对比攻击性适应的影响与消费者存在/缺席的影响一样大。
Study of the role of within-species adaptation in ecological dynamics has focused largely on prey adaptations that reduce consumption risk (prey defense). Few, if any, studies have examined how consumer adaptations to overcome prey defenses (consumer offense) affect ecosystem structure and function. We manipulated two sets of genotypes of a planktonic herbivore (Daphnia pulicaria) in a highly productive ecosystem with abundant toxic prey (cyanobacteria). The two sets of consumer genotypes varied widely in their tolerance of toxic cyanobacteria in the diet (i.e., sensitive vs. tolerant). We found a large effect of tolerant D. pulicaria on phytoplankton biomass and gross primary productivity but no effect of sensitive genotypes, this result stemming from genotype-specific differences in population growth in the presence of toxic prey. The former effect was as large as effects seen in previous Daphnia manipulations at similar productivity levels. Thus, we demonstrated that the effect of consumer genotypes with contrasting offensive adaptations was as large as the effect of consumer presence/absence.