Connecting the dots without top-down knowledge: Evidence for rapidly-learned low-level associations that are independent of object identity.
Connecting the dots without top-down knowledge: Evidence for rapidly-learned low-level associations that are independent of object identity.
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在没有自上而下的知识的情况下连接点：快速学习的独立于对象身份的低级关联的证据。
DOI：
10.1037/xge0000607
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cowell,RosemaryA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sadil,Patrick;Potter,KevinW;Huber,DavidE;Cowell,RosemaryA
知道一个物体的身份可以有力地改变感知。这一点的视觉演示--如格雷戈里（1970）的《隐藏的达尔马提亚》--证实了自上而下和自下而上加工的存在。我们考虑第三种处理途径：物体各部分之间的横向连接。横向关联被客体加工理论和记忆的层次理论所假设，但很少有证据证明它们。如果它们存在，即使在没有对象身份知识的情况下，它们的效果也应该是可观察的。我们采用连续闪光抑制（CFS），而参与者研究对象的图像，这样的视觉细节学习没有明确的对象识别。在测试中，横向协会探测使用部分到部分匹配任务。我们还测试了部分-整体链接是否促进了先前的研究使用部分命名任务，并包括另一个研究条件（Word），其中参与者只看到一个对象的书面名称。关键问题是CFS研究（提供视觉信息而没有身份）是否会更好地支持部分对部分的匹配（通过横向关联），而Word研究（提供身份而没有正确的视觉形式）是否会更好地支持部分命名（通过自上而下的处理）。预测的解离被发现，并证实了状态跟踪分析。因此，横向部分到部分的关联学习和检索独立的对象身份表示。这建立了知觉和记忆之间的新联系，表明（a）在物体识别层次结构的较低水平上存在横向关联，并有助于物体处理，（B）这些关联是通过快速的、类似情节的机制学习的，这些机制以前在包括情节记忆的高水平、任意关系中观察到。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019阿帕，保留所有权利）
Knowing the identity of an object can powerfully alter perception. Visual demonstrations of this—such as Gregory’s (1970) hidden Dalmatian—affirm the existence of both top-down and bottom-up processing. We consider a third processing pathway: lateral connections between the parts of an object. Lateral associations are assumed by theories of object processing and hierarchical theories of memory, but little evidence attests to them. If they exist, their effects should be observable even in the absence of object identity knowledge. We employed Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) while participants studied object images, such that visual details were learned without explicit object identification. At test, lateral associations were probed using a part-to-part matching task. We also tested whether part-whole links were facilitated by prior study using a part-naming task, and included another study condition (Word), in which participants saw only an object’s written name. The key question was whether CFS study (which provided visual information without identity) would better support part-to-part matching (via lateral associations) whereas Word study (which provided identity without the correct visual form) would better support part-naming (via top-down processing). The predicted dissociation was found and confirmed by state-trace analyses. Thus, lateral part-to-part associations were learned and retrieved independently of object identity representations. This establishes novel links between perception and memory, demonstrating that (a) lateral associations at lower levels of the object identification hierarchy exist and contribute to object processing and (b) these associations are learned via rapid, episodic-like mechanisms previously observed for the high-level, arbitrary relations comprising episodic memories.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)