Genetic variation and the persistence of predator-prey interactions in the Nicholson-Bailey model
Genetic variation and the persistence of predator-prey interactions in the Nicholson-Bailey model
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DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.1997.0454
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发表时间：
1997-09-07
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Doebeli, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doebeli, M
推广了不稳定的Nicholson-Bailey捕食-被捕食模型，假设捕食效率取决于捕食者和被捕食者的数量特征。这些性状的遗传被认为是由许多具有加性效应的二倍体座位决定的。结果表明，与单态模型相比，在遗传变量系统中捕食者和被捕食者共存是可能的，并且即使相互作用导致灭绝，灭绝的时间通常也比单态模型中的大得多。共存是由共同进化的军备竞赛调节的，涉及到猎物和捕食者种群中特征手段的振荡。即使引入了增加(或减少)角色价值的成本，这样的军备竞赛也可能发生，如果这样的成本不太高，共存是可能的。如果模型中考虑了猎物的自我限制，结果也是成立的。在这种情况下，基本模型和遗传模型都表现出丰富的悖论，但在单态模型中，捕食者-猎物共存只有在低的猎物承载能力时才可能，而种群即使在很高的猎物承载能力时也可以维持在遗传变量系统中。结果表明，遗传变异是促进捕食者和猎物共存的条件，在研究灭绝生态学时通常应该考虑到这一点。(C)1997年学术出版社有限公司。
The unstable Nicholson-Bailey predator-prey model is extended by assuming that the predation efficiency depends on quantitative characters in both the prey and the predator. The genetics of these characters is assumed to be determined by many diploid loci with additive effects. It is shown that in contrast to the monomorphic model, predator-prey coexistence is possible in the genetically variable system, and that even if the interactions lead to extinction, the time to extinction is typically much larger than in the monomorphic model. Coexistence is mediated by a coevolutionary arms race involving oscillations of the character means in the prey and predator populations. Such an arms race can occur even if costs to increase (or decrease) the character value are introduced, and coexistence is possible if such costs are not too high. The results also hold if self-limitation of the prey is included in the model. In this case, both the basic and the genetic model show the paradox of enrichment, but whereas predator-prey coexistence is only possible for low prey carrying capacities in the monomorphic model, the populations can persist in the genetically variable system even for very high prey carrying capacities. The results suggest that genetic variability is a condition which promotes predator-prey coexistence, and which should generally be taken into consideration when studying the ecology of extinctions. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.