Bisphenol A (BPA) daily intakes in the United States: Estimates from the 2003-2004 NHANES urinary BPA data
Bisphenol A (BPA) daily intakes in the United States: Estimates from the 2003-2004 NHANES urinary BPA data
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2008.20
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Naiman, Daniel Q.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lakind, Judy S.;Naiman, Daniel Q.
对人类暴露于双酚A(BPA)的调查，在很大程度上是根据食物消耗量估计结合食物中BPA的测量或估计来评估摄入量。在这项研究中，我们使用了2003-2004年美国国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)中具有全国代表性的双酚A(BPA)尿液水平数据来估计BPA的日摄入量，假设BPA的排泄量处于稳定状态。美国人群的摄入量分布被确定为：(I)所有有尿BPA数据的NHANES参与者；(Ii)按以下年龄组划分的参与者：6-11岁、12-19岁、20-39岁、40-59岁和60岁以上；以及(Iii)按性别划分的参与者。根据NHANES尿BPA数据和本文所述的假设，男性参与者的BPA日摄入量在统计上显著高于女性参与者，不同年龄组的BPA日摄入量存在统计上的显著差异，年龄最大的组估计摄入量最低。中位数摄入量比基于健康的指导值50微克/公斤-天大约低三个数量级。
Investigations into human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) have, for the most part, assessed intake based on food consumption estimates combined with measurements or estimates of BPA in foods. In this study, nationally representative data on urinary levels of BPA in the United States ( US) from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) were used to estimate daily intake of BPA, assuming steady-state excretion. Distributions of intakes for the US population were determined for (i) all NHANES participants with urinary BPA data; (ii) participants by the following age groups: 6-11 years, 12-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60+ years; and (iii) participants by gender. On the basis of the NHANES urinary BPA data and the assumptions described in this paper, daily BPA intakes for male participants are statistically significantly higher than for female participants, and there are statistically significant differences in daily BPA intakes according to age groups, with the oldest group having the lowest estimated intakes. Median intake was approximately three orders of magnitude below health-based guidance values of 50 mu g/kg-day.