Measuring hygiene practices: A comparison of questionnaires with direct observations in rural Zaire
Measuring hygiene practices: A comparison of questionnaires with direct observations in rural Zaire
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-180.x
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kirkwood, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ManunEbo, M;Cousens, S;Kirkwood, B
迄今为止，问卷调查是衡量与水和卫生设施相关的卫生行为的最常用工具。最近，许多研究使用结构化观察来研究与腹泻相关的实践。在扎伊尔班顿杜进行一项旨在减少幼儿腹泻的卫生教育干预试验期间，两种仪器都被用来测量儿童粪便的处理和各种洗手习惯。对 300 个家庭进行了观察，并对 274 名（91%）母亲进行了后续访谈。在个人层面上，观察到的行为和报告的行为之间的一致性并不比偶然预期的好多少。有证据表明，食物准备前洗手（44% vs 33%；P = 0.03）、进食前洗手（76% vs 60%；P < 0.001）以及将儿童粪便处理在厕所中（75% vs 40%；P < 0.001）的情况被过多报道。另一方面，据报道，在给孩子喂食之前洗手的频率低于观察到的频率（7% vs 64%；P < 0.001）。我们的数据与这样的假设相一致：一般来说，母亲会过度报告“理想”的行为。与此同时，我们的数据表明，开放性问题可能会导致某些行为的漏报。个体和群体水平观察的可重复性仍有待确定。
To date questionnaire surveys have been the most commonly used instruments to measure hygiene behaviours related to water and sanitation. More recently, a number of studies have used structured observations to study practices related to diarrhoea. During a trial of a hygiene education intervention to reduce diarrhoea among young children in Bandundu, Zaire, both instruments were used to measure the disposal of child faeces and various hand-washing practices. Three hundred families were observed and follow-up interviews performed with 274 (91%) mothers. At the individual level, agreement between observed and reported behaviour was little better than might be expected by chance. There was evidence of over-reporting of hand-washing before food preparation (44% vs 33%; P = 0.03), hand-washing before eating (76% vs 60%; P < 0.001) and disposal of the child's faeces in a latrine (75% vs 40%; P < 0.001). On the other hand, hand-washing before feeding the child was reported less often than it was observed (7% vs 64%; P < 0.001). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in general, mothers over-report 'desirable' behaviours. At the same time, our data indicate that open questions may lead to underreporting of certain behaviours. The repeatability of observations at both the individual and population levels remains to be established.