Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions.
Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions.
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DOI：
10.1080/13546800600750597
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Gold, Ian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fine, Cordelia;Gardner, Mark;Gold, Ian
简介：有大量证据表明，妄想症患者表现出推理偏差-被称为“跳到结论”（JTC）偏差-这导致他们在比对照组更少的证据基础上接受假设为正确。我们解决三个问题，需要澄清的JTC偏见。首先，什么是JTC偏差的最佳衡量标准？第二，JTC偏倚是否与妄想相关，或者仅与精神分裂症的精神病学相关？第三，这种偏见是否会被情感上突出的材料所增强？方法：为了解决这些问题，我们进行了一系列的荟萃分析的研究，使用珠任务，比较概率推理风格的个人和没有delusions.RESULTS：我们发现，只有一个四项措施的JTC偏见-“提请决定”-达到显着性。JTC的偏见表现出妄想的主题，作为衡量提请决定-似乎并不只是一个副作用的精神分裂症psychiatology，并没有放大的情绪突出material.CONCLUSIONS：倾向于收集更少的证据，在珠任务是可靠的与妄想psychiatology的存在。相比之下，任务的确定性，以及对矛盾证据的反应，并不能很好地区分有妄想和没有妄想的人。的JTC偏见的基础上的影响，其作用的形成和维持的妄想，进行了讨论。
INTRODUCTION: There is substantial evidence that patients with delusions exhibit a reasoning bias--known as the "jumping to conclusions" (JTC) bias--which leads them to accept hypotheses as correct on the basis of less evidence than controls. We address three questions concerning the JTC bias that require clarification. Firstly, what is the best measure of the JTC bias? Second, is the JTC bias correlated specifically with delusions, or only with the symptomatology of schizophrenia? And third, is the bias enhanced by emotionally salient material?METHODS: To address these questions, we conducted a series of meta-analyses of studies that used the Beads task to compare the probabilistic reasoning styles of individuals with and without delusions.RESULTS: We found that only one of four measures of the JTC bias--"draws to decision"--reached significance. The JTC bias exhibited by delusional subjects-as measured by draws to decision--did not appear to be solely an epiphenomenal effect of schizophrenic symptomatology, and was not amplified by emotionally salient material.CONCLUSIONS: A tendency to gather less evidence in the Beads task is reliably associated with the presence of delusional symptomatology. In contrast, certainty on the task, and responses to contradictory evidence, do not discriminate well between those with and without delusions. The implications for the underlying basis of the JTC bias, and its role in the formation and maintenance of delusions, are discussed.