Intrinsic properties of pharyngeal and diaphragmatic respiratory motoneurons and muscles.
Intrinsic properties of pharyngeal and diaphragmatic respiratory motoneurons and muscles.
复制标题
咽和膈呼吸运动神经元和肌肉的内在特性。
DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1992.73.3.787
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dick,TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
vanLunteren,E;Dick,TE
呼吸是一个复杂的动作，需要多组肌肉的协调活动。胸和腹呼吸肌扩张和收缩肺，而咽和喉呼吸肌维持上气道通畅并调节上气道阻力。后一种肌肉群在维持呼吸平衡和睡眠呼吸暂停的病理生理学中的重要性的认识导致了对咽扩张肌神经调节的广泛研究。本文综述了运动神经元和肌肉特性的异质性在决定胸咽肌群电和力学行为多样性中的作用。具体而言，膈神经和舌下神经运动神经元的电生理特性的影响是否和在何种程度上，这些神经元将消防响应于一个给定的突触输入所产生的化学和机械感受器和呼吸和nonrespiratory模式发电机。此外，胸部和咽部肌肉的特性决定了对运动神经元活动的机械反应，包括收缩速度、运动神经元放电频率和力产生之间的关系，以及在重复激活期间是否维持力。这些运动神经元和肌肉功能能力的异质性反过来又由其结构和生化特性的多样性决定。因此，呼吸运动神经元和肌肉的内在特性与神经元驱动一致地起作用，以定义咽部和胸部呼吸运动系统的复杂电和机械行为。
Breathing is a complex act requiring the coordinated activity of multiple groups of muscles. Thoracic and abdominal respiratory muscles expand and contract the lungs, whereas pharyngeal and laryngeal respiratory muscles maintain upper airway patency and regulate upper airway resistance. An appreciation of the importance of the latter muscle group in maintaining ventilatory homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea has led to extensive studies examining the neural regulation of pharyngeal dilator muscles. The present review examines the role of heterogeneity in motoneuron and muscle properties in determining the diversity in the electrical and mechanical behaviors of thoracic compared with pharyngeal muscle groups. Specifically, phrenic and hypoglossal motoneuron electrophysiological properties influence whether and the extent to which these neurons will fire in response to a given synaptic input arising from chemo- and mechanoreceptors and from respiratory and nonrespiratory pattern generators. Furthermore, thoracic and pharyngeal muscle properties determine the mechanical response to motoneuronal activity, including the speed of contraction, relationships between motoneuron firing frequency and force production, and whether force is maintained during repetitive activation. Heterogeneity in the functional capabilities of these motoneurons and muscles is in turn determined by diversity of their structural and biochemical properties. Thus, intrinsic properties of respiratory motoneurons and muscles act in concert with neuronal drives in defining the complex electrical and mechanical behavior of pharyngeal and thoracic respiratory motor systems.