Do associated microbial abundances impact marine demosponge pumping rates and tissue densities?
Do associated microbial abundances impact marine demosponge pumping rates and tissue densities?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-007-0910-0
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Martens, Christopher S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weisz, Jeremy B.;Lindquist, Niels;Martens, Christopher S.
海洋海绵动物的进化导致了两种基本的生活策略：一种是与大型和多样化的微生物群落密切相关，称为高微生物丰度（HMA）物种，另一种是基本上没有相关微生物，称为低微生物丰度（LMA）物种。这种二分法以前被认为与形态差异相关，HMA物种具有更密集的mesohyl和更复杂的含水系统，由更长和更窄的水道组成，需要更慢的海水过滤速率。我们测量了mesohyl密度的各种HMA和LMA海绵在佛罗里达键，海水抽水率选择一组这些海绵使用原位染料技术。HMA海绵比LMA物质密度大得多，并且每单位体积的泵送速率比LMA海绵慢52-94%。这些密度和泵送速率的差异表明，HMA和LMA物种之间的进化差异可能导致了两组之间深刻的形态和生理差异。LMA海绵体计划通过其多孔组织移动大量的水，使它们能够快速获得提供其大部分营养需求的小颗粒有机物（POM）。相比之下，HMA海绵体计划适合容纳大型且紧密堆积的微生物群落，并且具有含水系统，该含水系统增加海水与以POM、溶解的有机物和化能无机营养海绵共生体的无机原料为食的海绵/微生物聚生体之间的接触时间。这两种进化模式代表了不同但同样成功的模式，并说明了相关微生物如何可能对宿主进化产生实质性影响。
The evolution of marine demosponges has led to two basic life strategies: one involving close associations with large and diverse communities of microorganisms, termed high microbial abundance (HMA) species, and one that is essentially devoid of associated microorganisms, termed low microbial abundance (LMA) species. This dichotomy has previously been suggested to correlate with morphological differences, with HMA species having a denser mesohyl and a more complex aquiferous systems composed of longer and narrower water canals that should necessitate slower seawater filtration rates. We measured mesohyl density for a variety of HMA and LMA sponges in the Florida Keys, and seawater pumping rates for a select group of these sponges using an in situ dye technique. HMA sponges were substantially denser than LMA species, and had per unit volume pumping rates 52-94% slower than the LMA sponges. These density and pumping rate differences suggest that evolutionary differences between HMA and LMA species may have resulted in profound morphological and physiological differences between the two groups. The LMA sponge body plan moves large quantities of water through their porous tissues allowing them to rapidly acquire the small particulate organic matter (POM) that supplies the majority of their nutritional needs. In contrast, the HMA sponge body plan is suited to host large and tightly packed communities of microorganisms and has an aquiferous system that increases contact time between seawater and the sponge/microbial consortium that feeds on POM, dissolved organic matter and the raw inorganic materials for chemolithotrophic sponge symbionts. The two evolutionary patterns represent different, but equally successful patterns and illustrate how associated microorganisms can potentially have substantial effects on host evolution.