Purinergic neuron-glia interactions in sensory systems
Purinergic neuron-glia interactions in sensory systems
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DOI：
10.1007/s00424-014-1510-6
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发表时间：
2014-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Lohr;A. Grosche;A. Reichenbach;Daniela Hirnet
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lohr;A. Grosche;A. Reichenbach;Daniela Hirnet
嘌呤腺苷5 ' -三磷酸（ATP）及其分解产物ADP和腺苷在整个神经系统中充当细胞间信使分子。ATP通过激活嗜离子性P2X受体以及通过代谢性P2Y受体进行神经调节来促进突触的快速传递，而ADP和腺苷仅分别刺激P2Y和P1受体，从而调节神经元的表现。胶质细胞通常是细胞外ATP的受体和来源。因此，嘌呤能神经元-胶质细胞信号双向参与神经系统的信息处理，包括感觉器官和计算感觉信息的大脑区域。本文综述了近年来在视觉和嗅觉两种感觉系统中嘌呤能神经元-胶质细胞通讯的研究进展。在视网膜和嗅球中，ATP由神经元释放，并在神经胶质细胞（即神经<s:1>细胞、星形胶质细胞和嗅鞘细胞）中唤起Ca2+瞬态。神经胶质Ca2+信号反过来影响神经组织的稳态，如体积调节和血流控制。此外，由嘌呤受体激活引起的Ca2+信号的“胶质递质”释放调节神经元活动，从而有助于感觉信息的处理。
The purine adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products, ADP and adenosine, act as intercellular messenger molecules throughout the nervous system. While ATP contributes to fast synaptic transmission via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors as well as neuromodulation via metabotropic P2Y receptors, ADP and adenosine only stimulate P2Y and P1 receptors, respectively, thereby adjusting neuronal performance. Often glial cells are recipient as well as source for extracellular ATP. Hence, purinergic neuron-glia signalling contributes bidirectionally to information processing in the nervous system, including sensory organs and brain areas computing sensory information. In this review, we summarize recent data of purinergic neuron-glia communication in two sensory systems, the visual and the olfactory systems. In both retina and olfactory bulb, ATP is released by neurons and evokes Ca2+transients in glial cells, viz. Müller cells, astrocytes and olfactory ensheathing cells. Glial Ca2+signalling, in turn, affects homeostasis of the nervous tissue such as volume regulation and control of blood flow. In addition, ‘gliotransmitter’ release upon Ca2+signalling—evoked by purinoceptor activation—modulates neuronal activity, thus contributing to the processing of sensory information.