THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ADAPTATION ON SUBSEQUENT DARK ADAPTATION OF THE EYE.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ADAPTATION ON SUBSEQUENT DARK ADAPTATION OF THE EYE.
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DOI：
10.1085/jgp.20.6.831
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发表时间：
1937-07-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chase AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hecht S;Haig C;Chase AM
人眼适应黑暗的过程随其之前适应光的强度而变化。对低于200光子的光强进行预适应后只进行棒适应，而对高于4000光子的光强进行预适应后首先进行锥适应，然后进行棒适应。随着预适应强度的增加，锥体暗适应的形式基本保持不变，但覆盖的阈值强度范围越来越大。在最高预适应时，后续锥体暗适应的范围超过3个log单位。杆状暗适应有两种类型——快速适应和延迟适应。在对通常与杆状体功能相关的低强度进行预适应后，杆状体的快速暗适应是明显的。延迟的视杆暗适应只有在预适应的强度比产生视杆在闪烁、强度识别和视觉灵敏度上的最大功能的强度高数百倍之后才会出现。在不同的预适应强度下，延迟形式的形状基本保持不变。但其出现时间随预适应强度的增加而增加；经过最高的预适应后，在黑暗中12或13分钟后才出现。这两种棒体暗适应模式可能是棒体在预适应光漂白后视觉紫色形成的两种方式的表达。
The course of dark adaptation of the human eye varies with the intensity used for the light adaptation which precedes it. Preadaptation to intensities below 200 photons is followed only by rod adaptation, while preadaptation to intensities above 4000 photons is followed first by cone adaptation and then by rod adaptation. With increasing intensities of preadaptation, cone dark adaptation remains essentially the same in form, but covers an increasing range of threshold intensities. At the highest preadaptation the range of the subsequent cone dark adaptation covers more than 3 log units. Rod dark adaptation appears in two types—a rapid and a delayed. The rapid rod dark adaptation is evident after preadaptations to low intensities corresponding to those usually associated with rod function. The delayed rod dark adaptation shows up only after preadaptation to intensities which are hundreds of times higher than those which produce the maximal function of the rods in flicker, intensity discrimination, and visual acuity. The delayed form remains essentially constant in shape following different intensities of preadaptation. However, its time of appearance increases with the preadaptation intensity; after the highest preadaptation, it appears only after 12 or 13 minutes in the dark. These two modes of rod dark adaptation are probably the expression of two methods of formation of visual purple in the rods after its bleaching by the preadaptation lights.