Teaching the principles of statistical dynamics
Teaching the principles of statistical dynamics
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DOI：
10.1119/1.2142789
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Phillips, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghosh, K;Dill, KA;Phillips, R
我们描述了一个简单的框架，用来讲授作为动力学输运定律基础的原理：费克扩散定律、傅立叶热流定律、牛顿粘性定律和化学动力学的质量作用定律。与微态上的熵最大化导致玻尔兹曼分布和关于平衡的预测的方式类似，最大化E.T.Jaynes所说的所有可能的微轨迹上的一个量会导致这些动力学定律。最大口径原理还导致了表征不同微轨迹的相对概率的动态分布函数。最近对统计动力学感兴趣的一个重要来源是新一代单粒子和单分子实验，这些实验使得一次观察一个轨迹的动力学成为可能。(C)2006年美国物理教师协会。
We describe a simple framework for teaching the principles that underlie the dynamical laws of transport: Fick's law of diffusion, Fourier's law of heat flow, the Newtonian viscosity law, and the mass-action laws of chemical kinetics. In analogy with the way that the maximization of entropy over microstates leads to the Boltzmann distribution and predictions about equilibria, maximizing a quantity that E. T. Jaynes called "caliber" over all the possible microtrajectories leads to these dynamical laws. The principle of maximum caliber also leads to dynamical distribution functions that characterize the relative probabilities of different microtrajectories. A great source of recent interest in statistical dynamics has resulted from a new generation of single-particle and single-molecule experiments that make it possible to observe dynamics one trajectory at a time. (c) 2006 American Association of Physics Teachers.