Macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticle superlattices
Macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticle superlattices
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03355-z
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发表时间：
2021-03-25
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Macfarlane, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santos, Peter J.;Gabrys, Paul A.;Macfarlane, Robert J.
纳米颗粒组装已经被提出作为一种理想的手段，通过使用选择的纳米级组件从下向上构建整个材料来编程材料的分层组织。多尺度结构控制是非常可取的，因为化学成分，纳米级有序，微观结构和宏观形式都影响物理性能（1，2）。然而，通常决定纳米颗粒有序化的化学相互作用（3-5）并不固有地提供在较大长度尺度下操纵结构的任何手段（6-9）。因此，基于纳米颗粒的材料开发需要加工策略来定制微观和宏观结构，而不牺牲其自组装的纳米级排列。在这里，我们展示了快速组装克级数量的多面纳米粒子超晶格微晶，可以进一步塑造成宏观物体的方式类似于散装固体烧结的方法。这种方法的关键进步在于，控制纳米颗粒组装的化学相互作用在随后的处理步骤中保持活跃，这使得颗粒的局部纳米级有序在宏观材料形成时得以保留。块状固体的纳米结构和微观结构可以根据超晶格微晶的尺寸、化学组成和晶体对称性进行调整，并且微观结构和宏观结构可以通过后续处理步骤进行控制。因此，这项工作提供了一个通用的方法，同时控制结构组织在分子到宏观的长度尺度。
Nanoparticle assembly has been proposed as an ideal means to program the hierarchical organization of a material by using a selection of nanoscale components to build the entire material from the bottom up. Multiscale structural control is highly desirable because chemical composition, nanoscale ordering, microstructure and macroscopic form all affect physical properties(1,2). However, the chemical interactions that typically dictate nanoparticle ordering(3-5) do not inherently provide any means to manipulate structure at larger length scales(6-9). Nanoparticle-based materials development therefore requires processing strategies to tailor micro- and macrostructure without sacrificing their self-assembled nanoscale arrangements. Here we demonstrate methods to rapidly assemble gram-scale quantities of faceted nanoparticle superlattice crystallites that can be further shaped into macroscopic objects in a manner analogous to the sintering of bulk solids. The key advance of this method is that the chemical interactions that govern nanoparticle assembly remain active during the subsequent processing steps, which enables the local nanoscale ordering of the particles to be preserved as the macroscopic materials are formed. The nano- and microstructure of the bulk solids can be tuned as a function of the size, chemical makeup and crystallographic symmetry of the superlattice crystallites, and the micro- and macrostructures can be controlled via subsequent processing steps. This work therefore provides a versatile method to simultaneously control structural organization across the molecular to macroscopic length scales.