An all-sky radiative transfer method to predict optimal tilt and azimuth angle of a solar collector
An all-sky radiative transfer method to predict optimal tilt and azimuth angle of a solar collector
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DOI：
10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.013
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Christopher J. Smith;P. Forster;R. Crook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christopher J. Smith;P. Forster;R. Crook
本文介绍了一种计算全天空条件下的辐射传输方法，并在任意平面的视半球上进行积分以计算倾斜辐照度。这种方法的优点是在辐射传输模型中结合了云参数和倾斜过程。对于选定的位置，这种方法适用于云，臭氧，水蒸气和气溶胶输入数据，以确定倾斜的辐照度，水平辐照度和最佳倾斜角。对高质量的日射强度计数据进行水平和倾斜辐照度的验证。对于世界各地的27个站点，我们的模型预测的年水平辐射与地面测量值相比，平均偏差为+0.56%，均方根差为6.69%。除了朝北的垂直面外，所有方向的年辐照估计值与一个提供倾斜辐照度的地点的测量值之间的差异均在±6%以内。对于验证中包含的欧洲和非洲站点，我们模型的最佳倾斜通常比流行的PVGIS在线工具的预测要陡几度。我们的模式一般适用于地球表面的任何位置，因为卫星云和大气数据以及气溶胶气候学数据是全球可用的。此外，所有的输入数据都是气候模式中的标准变量，因此该方法可以在未来的气候实验中用于预测倾斜辐照度。
This paper describes a radiative transfer method for calculating radiances in all-sky conditions and performing an integration over the view hemisphere of an arbitrary plane to calculate tilted irradiance. The advantage of this method is the combination of cloud parameters inside the radiative transfer model with a tilt procedure. For selected locations this method is applied with cloud, ozone, water vapour and aerosol input data to determine tilted irradiance, horizontal irradiance and optimal tilt angle. A validation is performed for horizontal and tilted irradiance against high-quality pyranometer data. For 27 sites around the world, the annual horizontal irradiation predicted by our model had a mean bias difference of +0.56% and a root-mean-squared difference of 6.69% compared to ground measurements. The difference between the annual irradiation estimates from our model and the measurements from one site that provides tilted irradiance were within ±6% for all orientations except the north-facing vertical plane. For European and African sites included in the validation, the optimal tilt from our model is typically a few degrees steeper than predictions from the popular PVGIS online tool. Our model is generally applicable to any location on the earth’s surface as the satellite cloud and atmosphere data and aerosol climatology data are available globally. Furthermore, all of the input data are standard variables in climate models and so this method can be used to predict tilted irradiance in future climate experiments.